For the town in Ribadesella, Spain, see Junco (Ribadesella). For the colonial term for large Southeast Asian ships and Chinese junks, see Joanga.
"Junco" is also a shrub in the genus Adolphia and the Spanish term for rushes (genus Juncus).
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Juncos
Slate-colored dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis hyemalis) female, Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area, Quebec, Canada
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Family:
Passerellidae
Genus:
Junco Wagler, 1831
Type species
Junco phaeonotus (yellow-eyed junco)
Wagler, 1831
Species
Junco hyemalis
Junco insularis
Junco phaeonotus
Junco bairdi
Junco vulcani
(See text)
A junco (/ˈdʒʌŋkoʊ/), genus Junco, is a small North American bird in the New World sparrow family Passerellidae. Junco systematics are still confusing after decades of research, with various authors accepting between three and twelve species. Despite having a name that appears to derive from the Spanish term for the plant genus Juncus (rushes), these birds are seldom found among rush plants, which prefer wet ground, while juncos prefer dry soil.
Their breeding habitat is coniferous or mixed forest areas throughout North America, ranging from subarctic taiga to high-altitude mountain forests in Mexico and Central America south to Panama. Northern birds usually migrate farther south; southern populations are permanent residents or altitudinal migrants, moving only a short distance downslope to avoid severe winter weather in the mountains.
These birds forage on the ground. In winter, they often forage in flocks. They eat mainly insects and seeds. They usually nest in a well-hidden location on the ground or low in a shrub or tree.
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