The July Theses (Romanian: Tezele din iulie) is a name commonly given to a speech delivered by Romanian leader Nicolae Ceaușescu on 6 July 1971, before the executive committee of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). Its full name was Propuneri de măsuri pentru îmbunătățirea activității politico-ideologice, de educare marxist-leninistă a membrilor de partid, a tuturor oamenilor muncii ("Proposed measures for the improvement of political-ideological activity, of the Marxist–Leninist education of Party members, of all working people"). This quasi-Maoist[1][2][3] speech marked the beginning of a "mini cultural revolution"[3][4][5] in the Socialist Republic of Romania, launching a Neo-Stalinist[6] offensive against cultural autonomy, a return to the strict guidelines of socialist realism and attacks on non-compliant intellectuals. Strict ideological conformity in the humanities and social sciences was demanded. Competence and aesthetics were to be replaced by ideology; professionals were to be replaced by agitators; and culture was once again to become an instrument for communist propaganda.[7]
In their final version of early November 1971, publicized as an official document of the PCR Plenum, the Theses carried the title: Expunere cu privire la programul PCR pentru îmbunătățirea activității ideologice, ridicarea nivelului general al cunoașterii și educația socialistă a maselor, pentru așezarea relațiilor din societatea noastră pe baza principiilor eticii și echității socialiste și comuniste ("Exposition regarding the PCR programme for improving ideological activity, raising the general level of knowledge and the socialist education of the masses, in order to arrange relations in our society on the basis of the principles of socialist and communist ethics and equity").[1]
The JulyTheses (Romanian: Tezele din iulie) is a name commonly given to a speech delivered by Romanian leader Nicolae Ceaușescu on 6 July 1971, before...
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greatly developed by Nicolae Ceaușescu, who began in 1971, through his JulyTheses manifesto, a national cultural revolution. Part of the national mythology...
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emasculation of Romania's Great National Assembly after the inauguration of the JulyTheses. Hungary and Poland experimented with constitutional supervision in the...
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principles and doctrines of Romanian nationalism. In 1971, through his JulyTheses manifesto, Ceaușescu declared a national cultural revolution. National...
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the government to evict Hungarian Reformed church Pastor László Tőkés. In July of that year, in an interview with Hungarian television, Tőkés had criticised...
cult surrounding Kim Il Sung in North Korea, it started with the 1971 JulyTheses which reversed the liberalization of the 1960s and imposed a strict nationalist...
900 Theses was the first printed book to be universally banned by the Church. Pico is sometimes seen as a proto-Protestant, because his 900 theses anticipated...
1971, during the session where dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu presented the JulyTheses to a group of writers. Mihale, a “notorious Stalinist”, offered such...
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