Joseph and Michael Hofer were brothers who died from mistreatment at the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth in 1918. The pair, who were Hutterites from South Dakota, were among four conscientious objectors from their Christian colony who had been court-martialed and sentenced to twenty years imprisonment for refusing to be drafted in to the United States Army during World War I.[1] After initially being sent to Fort Alcatraz for refusal to comply with military orders and discipline, Joseph and Michael were transferred to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where they both died within two weeks of their arrival.[2] Their bodies were returned to their families in military uniforms that they had refused to wear.
The death of the brothers contributed to the decision by Hutterites to begin emigrating to Canada in 1918 and in subsequent years.[3]
^Ewert, J. Georg (1984). "Christ or Country?". The Plough: 6–10.
^Stoltzfus, Duane C. S. (2014). Pacifists in Chains: The Persecution of Hutterites during the Great War. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–296. ISBN 978-1421411279. OCLC 841186917.
^"World War 1". Hutterites.org. Decker Colony School.
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