This article contains click symbols from the Khoekhoe language. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
Joseph Frederiks II, Nama name: ǃKhorebeb-ǁNaixab (died 20 October 1893 in Bethanie) was a Captain of the ǃAman (Bethanie Orlam), a subtribe of the Orlam. He became Captain when his uncle and stepfather David Christian Frederiks was killed in 1880 in the Battle of Otjikango.[1]
Frederiks was party to a land sale deal between the Bethanie Orlam and German merchant Adolf Lüderitz that would eventually establish Imperial Germany's colony of German South-West Africa. Lüderitz in May 1883 obtained the area of Angra Pequena (today the town of Lüderitz) from Frederiks for 100£ in gold and 200 rifles. Three months later on 25 August, Frederiks sold Lüderitz a stretch of land 140 kilometres (87 mi) wide, between the Orange River and Angra Pequena, for £500 and 60 rifles.[2]
The contract between Fredericks and Lüderitz, and a map of the sold land
Contract page 1
Contract page 2
Lüderitzland
This area, for a short period called Lüderitzland and today part of the Sperrgebiet, was far bigger than Frederiks had thought, as the contract specified its width as "20 geographical miles", a term that the tribal chief was not familiar with: 1 German geographical mile equals 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi),[citation needed] whereas the common mile in the territory was the English mile, 1.6 kilometres. Both Lüderitz and the signing witness, Rhenish missionary Johannes Bam, knew that Chief Frederiks had no idea about geographical miles. He was only concerned about fertile land, and the shore of the Atlantic Ocean was of no value to his tribe. When Frederiks finally became aware of the size of the land he sold, he complained to the German Imperial Government, but Consul-General Gustav Nachtigal died on his return voyage, and the complaint was never delivered. In 1887 "even the Colonial Department of the Foreign Office doubted the validity of the treaty".[3]
In the wake of the land deal, Frederiks on 28 October 1884 also signed a protection treaty with the German Empire, the second of its kind in German South-West Africa, after the treaty with the Rehoboth Basters two weeks prior.[3] He died on 20 October 1893 in his home village Bethanie, and Paul Frederiks succeeded him as Chief of the ǃAman.[1]
^ abDierks, Klaus. "Biographies of Namibian Personalities, F". klausdierks.com. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
^"The man who bought a country". Namibia Guidebook. orusovo.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
^ abOermann, Nils Ole (1999). Mission, Church and State Relations in South West Africa Under German Rule (1884-1915). Missionsgeschichtliches Archiv. Vol. 5. Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 58–60. ISBN 9783515075787.
and 24 Related for: Joseph Frederiks II information
rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. JosephFrederiksII, Nama name: ǃKhorebeb-ǁNaixab (died 20 October 1893 in Bethanie)...
1 May through a purchase agreement with the Nama–Oorlam Captain JosephFrederiksII. The contract secured Angra Pequena and the surrounding area within...
remember the distress in Alicky's eyes. Minister of the Court Count Vladimir Frederiks commented, "The Deputies, they give one the impression of a gang of criminals...
foreign powers without consultation, and on 14 November 1698, Charles II made Joseph Ferdinand heir to an independent and undivided Spanish monarchy. Maria...
Princess Marie. He is a grandson of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik and a nephew of King Frederik X. Henrik is eighth in the line of succession to the...
Gustaf V. Oscar II is the paternal great-great-grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. King Frederik X of Denmark is Oscar II's descendant through...
King Frederik V was commissioned by Moltke, as Director for the Danish Asiatic Company, and it was made by French sculptor Jacques-Francois-Joseph Saly...
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication...
Rufus Frederik Sewell (/ˈsjuːəl/; born 29 October 1967) is an English actor. In film, he has appeared in Carrington (1995), Hamlet (1996), Dangerous Beauty...
"Cosimo II | grand duke of Tuscany". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2022-01-03. Retrieved 2021-05-13. "BLKÖ:Habsburg, Karl Joseph (1590–1624)...
Bavaria in 1803. King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria sold the castle in 1820. Only in 1832 his grandson Maximilian II of Bavaria, then crown prince, bought...
(in Dutch) Military William Order: Franz Joseph I. Retrieved 9 March 2016. "Militaire Willems-Orde: Frederik VII" [Military William Order: Frederick VII]...
was subsequently the Queen of Denmark as Margrethe II. The current Danish monarch, King Frederik X is agnatically a Laborde de Monpezat. Its members...
Silver Jubilee Medal of Queen Margrethe II Recipient of the 100th Anniversary Medal of the Birth of King Frederik IX Recipient of the Queen Ingrid Commemorative...
Albert II, was married to Jonkvrouw Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brussels. 24 May 1935: Frederik, Crown Prince...
spending a season in the tier-one Kreisliga Saar in 1921–22. After World War II a number of local associations came together to form Sportgemeinde Elversberg...
nobility. It was granted on 30 April 2008 by Queen Margrethe II to her two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim, and their legitimate patrilineal (male-line)...
"Queen Margrethe II: Danish monarch announces abdication live on TV". 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023. "Her er kong Frederiks valgsprog - TV...
there has been some recent interest in consensus building in the field. Joseph Reagle and Sue Gardner argue that the approaches to consensus building are...
She is the youngest grandchild of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik, and the niece of King Frederik X. Athena is currently ninth in the line of succession...
Joseph (U of Oklahoma Press, 1968). Millar, Simon and Peter Dennis. Vienna 1683: Christian Europe Repels the Ottomans (Osprey, 2008) Morton, Frederik...
Lists of historical films List of war films and TV specials List of World War II films List of films set in ancient Rome List of films set in ancient Greece...
Frederick VI (Danish and Norwegian: Frederik; 28 January 1768 – 3 December 1839) was King of Denmark from 13 March 1808 until his death in 1839 and King...
solutions of hydrochloric acid HCl, into the copper(II) salt and carbon dioxide. In 1794 the French chemist Joseph Louis Proust (1754–1826) thermally decomposed...