John Tyler information

John Tyler
Portrait c. 1860–1862
10th President of the United States
In office April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845
Vice President	None[a]
Preceded by	William Henry Harrison
Succeeded by	James K. Polk
10th Vice President of the United States
In office March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
President	William Henry Harrison
Preceded by	Richard Mentor Johnson
Succeeded by	George M. Dallas
United States Senator from Virginia
In office March 4, 1827 – February 29, 1836
Preceded by	John Randolph
Succeeded by	William Cabell Rives
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
In office March 3, 1835 – December 6, 1835
Preceded by	George Poindexter
Succeeded by	William R. King
23rd Governor of Virginia
In office December 10, 1825 – March 4, 1827
Preceded by	James Pleasants
Succeeded by	William Branch Giles
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 23rd district
In office December 17, 1816 – March 3, 1821
Preceded by	John Clopton
Succeeded by	Andrew Stevenson
Delegate from Virginia to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
In office February 4, 1861 – January 17, 1862
Preceded by	New Constituency
Succeeded by	Constituency abolished
Personal details
Born	(1790-03-29)March 29, 1790 Greenway Plantation, Charles City County, Virginia, U.S.
Died	January 18, 1862(1862-01-18) (aged 71) Ballard House, Richmond, Virginia
Resting place	Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Whig (1834–1841)
Other political affiliations	Democratic-Republican (1811–1828) Democratic (1828–1834) Tyler Party (1844) Independent (1841–1844, 1844–1862)
Spouses	Letitia Christian ​ ​ (m. 1813; died 1842)​ Julia Gardiner ​ ​ (m. 1844)​
Children	15
Parent	John Tyler Sr. (father)
Alma mater	College of William & Mary
Profession	Politician lawyer
Signature
Military service
Branch/service	Virginia militia
Years of service	1813
Rank	Captain
Unit	Charles City Rifles
Battles/wars	War of 1812

John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was an American politician who served as the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president in 1841. He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison, succeeding to the presidency following Harrison's death 31 days after assuming office. Tyler was a stalwart supporter and advocate of states' rights, including regarding slavery, and he adopted nationalistic policies as president only when they did not infringe on the states' powers. His unexpected rise to the presidency posed a threat to the presidential ambitions of Henry Clay and other Whig politicians and left Tyler estranged from both of the nation's major political parties at the time.

Tyler was born into a prominent slaveholding Virginia family. He became a national figure at a time of political upheaval. In the 1820s, the Democratic-Republican Party, at the time the nation's only political party, split into several factions. Initially a Democrat, Tyler opposed President Andrew Jackson during the nullification crisis as he saw Jackson's actions as infringing on states' rights and criticized Jackson's expansion of executive power during the Bank War. This led Tyler to ally with the Whig Party. He served as a Virginia state legislator and governor, U.S. representative, and U.S. senator. Tyler was a regional Whig vice-presidential nominee in the 1836 presidential election; they lost. He was the sole nominee on the 1840 Whig presidential ticket as William Henry Harrison's running mate. Under the campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too", the Harrison–Tyler ticket defeated incumbent president Martin Van Buren.

President Harrison died just one month after taking office, and Tyler became the first vice president to succeed to the presidency. Amid uncertainty as to whether a vice president succeeded a deceased president, or merely took on his duties, Tyler immediately took the presidential oath of office, setting a lasting precedent. He signed into law some of the Whig-controlled Congress's bills, but he was a strict constructionist and vetoed the party's bills to create a national bank and raise tariff rates. He believed that the president, rather than Congress, should set policy, and he sought to bypass the Whig establishment led by Senator Henry Clay. Most of Tyler's cabinet resigned shortly into his term and the Whigs expelled him from the party, dubbing him "His Accidency". Tyler was the first president to have his veto of legislation overridden by Congress. He faced a stalemate on domestic policy, although he had several foreign-policy achievements, including the Webster–Ashburton Treaty with Britain and the Treaty of Wanghia with China. Tyler firmly believed in manifest destiny and saw the annexation of Texas as economically advantageous to the United States, signing a bill to offer Texas statehood just before leaving office and returning to his plantation.

When the American Civil War began in 1861, Tyler at first supported the Peace Conference. When it failed, he sided with the Confederacy. He presided over the opening of the Virginia Secession Convention and served as a member of the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States. Tyler subsequently won election to the Confederate House of Representatives but died before it assembled. Some scholars have praised Tyler's political resolve, but historians have generally given his presidency a low ranking. Tyler did make progress in combining the American and British navies to stop oceanic African slave trafficking under the Webster–Ashburton Treaty. That treaty also peacefully settled the border between Maine and Canada. Today, Tyler is seldom remembered in comparison to other presidents and maintains only a limited presence in American cultural memory.^[1]

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