For other people named John Donne, see John Donne (disambiguation).
The Very Reverend
John Donne
Donne, painted by Isaac Oliver
Born
1571 or 1572[a] London, England
Died
31 March 1631(1631-03-31) (aged 59)[1] London, England
Occupation
Poet
priest
lawyer
Nationality
English
Alma mater
Hart Hall, Oxford University of Cambridge
Genre
Satire, love poetry, elegy, sermons
Subject
Love, sexuality, religion, death
Literary movement
Metaphysical poetry
Spouse
Anne More
(m. 1601; died 1617)
Children
12 (incl. John and George)
Relatives
Edward Alleyn (son-in-law)
John Donne (/dʌn/DUN) (1571 or 1572[a] – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a cleric in the Church of England.[2] Under royal patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's Cathedral in London (1621–1631).[1] He is considered the preeminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His poetical works are noted for their metaphorical and sensual style and include sonnets, love poems, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs and satires. He is also known for his sermons.
Donne's style is characterised by abrupt openings and various paradoxes, ironies and dislocations. These features, along with his frequent dramatic or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough eloquence, were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional Elizabethan poetry and an adaptation into English of European baroque and mannerist techniques.[3] His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense knowledge of English society. Another important theme in Donne's poetry is the idea of true religion, something that he spent much time considering and about which he often theorised. He wrote secular poems as well as erotic and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysical conceits.
Despite his great education and poetic talents, Donne lived in poverty for several years, relying heavily on wealthy friends. He spent much of the money he inherited during and after his education on womanising, literature, pastimes and travel. In 1601, Donne secretly married Anne More, with whom he had twelve children.[4] In 1615 he was ordained Anglican deacon and then priest, although he did not want to take holy orders and only did so because the king ordered it. He served as a member of Parliament in 1601 and in 1614.
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