Johann Jacob Friedrich Krebs, commonly known as Friedrich Krebs (c. 1749–1815) was an American fraktur artist. He was the most prolific of the Pennsylvania German fraktur artists.
Born in Zierenberg, Hesse, Krebs was one of the Hessians who fought under the British crown during the American Revolutionary War. It has been reported that he returned to Germany, but this is uncertain, and it seems more likely that he remained in the United States at the conclusion of the war. In 1787 he established a business purchasing pre-printed baptismal records which he would then further embellish for sale; eventually he had forms of his own printed, many in Reading, Pennsylvania. He also painted many handmade examples. The majority of his work consists of baptismal certificates, but he produced many other pieces as well. These include drawings of various sacred and secular subjects; broadsides of Adam and Eve, used as marriage certificates; mazes; a clock face; and handboxes. During his career he was also active as a Lutheran schoolmaster in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He died in Dauphin County, in Swatara Township, leaving behind hundreds of blank forms for his executors to sell, as well as others that he had himself decorated.[1]
Examples of frakturs by or attributed to Krebs may be found in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art,[2][3] the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston;[4][5][6][7] the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston;[8][9] the Philadelphia Museum of Art;[10] the Winterthur Museum;[11] the Library of Congress;[12] and the Phillips Museum of Art at Franklin and Marshall College.[13]
^Gerard C. Wertkin (2 August 2004). Encyclopedia of American Folk Art. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-95614-1.
^"Friederich Krebs | Drawing of a Hunt | American". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^"Friederich Krebs | Birth and Baptismal Certificate | American". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^"Story of the Prodigal Son: Two scenes". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. May 6, 2018. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Catharina". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. May 6, 2018. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Meine Hosen machen mir viel Verdrusz". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. May 30, 2018. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"König von Preussen". Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Nov 22, 2018. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Birth and Baptismal Certificate | The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston". www.mfah.org. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Birth and Baptismal Certificate | The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston". www.mfah.org. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections : Search Collections". www.philamuseum.org. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Winterthur acquires collection of Pennsylvania German arts | Chester County Press". www.chestercounty.com. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
^"Pennsylvania German fraktur, broadsides, and related drawings". Library of Congress. Retrieved Apr 7, 2019.
^"Taufschein for Abraham Kramer; Attributed Friedrich Krebs (German-American, 1749... on eHive". eHive. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
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