"Jewishness" redirects here. For other uses, see Jewish peoplehood.
Perceiving oneself as a Jew
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Jewish identity is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jewish.[1] Under a broader definition, Jewish identity does not depend on whether a person is regarded as a Jew by others, or by an external set of religious, legal, or sociological norms. Jewish identity does not need to imply religious orthodoxy. Accordingly, Jewish identity can be cultural in nature. Jewish identity can involve ties to the Jewish community. Orthodox Judaism bases Jewishness on matrilineal descent. According to Jewish law (halacha), all those born of a Jewish mother are considered Jewish, regardless of personal beliefs or level of observance of Jewish law. Progressive Judaism and Haymanot Judaism in general base Jewishness on having at least one Jewish parent, while Karaite Judaism bases Jewishness only on paternal lineage. These differences between the major Jewish movements are the source of the disagreement and debate about who is a Jew.
Jews who are atheists or Jews who follow other religions may have a Jewish identity. While the absolute majority of people with this identity are of Jewish ethnicity, people of a mixed Jewish and non-Jewish background or gentiles of Jewish ancestry may still have a sense of Jewish self-identity.
^Spinoza, Liberalism, and the Question of Jewish Identity. Yale University Press, 1997.
Jewishidentity is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jewish. Under a broader definition, Jewish...
an area with deep historical, national and religious importance in Jewishidentity, history and religion. Following the establishment of the State of...
Jewishidentity requires that both parents be Jewish, and not only the father. They argue that only patrilineal descent can transmit Jewishidentity on...
have maintained their sense of Jewish history, identity and culture. In the following millennia, Jewish diaspora communities coalesced into three major...
watershed moment, the elimination of the symbolic centre of Judaism and Jewishidentity motivated many Jews to formulate a new self-definition and adjust their...
advocates of Zionism sought to reformulate conceptions of Jewishness in terms of racial identity and the "race science" of the time. They believed that this...
Jewish secularism refers to secularism in a Jewish context, denoting the definition of Jewishidentity with little or no attention given to its religious...
The Jewish question, also referred to as the Jewish problem, was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century Europe that pertained to the appropriate...
"reclaimed" by some Jews as a defining characteristic of their Jewishidentity, with general Jewish attitudes toward the trait having changed from mostly negative...
American Jews or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion. According to a 2020 poll conducted...
lit. 'Shield of David') is a generally recognized symbol of both Jewishidentity and Judaism. Its shape is that of a hexagram: the compound of two equilateral...
Jewish Christians were the followers of a Jewish religious sect that emerged in Judea during the late Second Temple period (first century AD). These Jews...
non-believing Jews with strong Jewishidentities. It is precisely this that constitutes such an identity. Far from inventing Jewish peoplehood, Zionism was a...
became known as "Israeli Jews", having developed a national Jewishidentity centered on a Jewish National Homeland in Palestine, derived from a political...
"Jewish atheism" is not a contradiction because Jewishidentity encompasses not only religious components, but also ethnic and cultural ones. Jewish law's...
Passing: 'the attempt to flee the Jewish community by assuming a non-Jewishidentity and hiding evidence of a Jewish birth and upbringing'. According to...
its establishment, Israel has passed many laws which reflect on the Jewishidentity and values of the majority (about 75% in 2016) of its citizens. The...
with a Jewishidentity and their descendants, including ethnic Jews and religious Jews alike. Approximately 99% of the global Israeli Jewish population...
their Jewishidentity (Jewish and Zionist education in the Jewish diaspora); 2. Connecting young Israelis to the Jewish people and their Jewishidentity; 3...
December 2007, Gur covered "organised Jewish communities worldwide on issues including demographics, identity, anti-Semitism, education and communal...
the Jewishidentity is clearly valorized, causing many Gentiles to strive for greater Jewishness through Jewish observance and search for Jewish roots...
Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority...
official bodies in some countries,[where?] to express the belief that Jewishidentity is a matter of religion rather than ethnicity or nationality. Many...
economics and Jewishidentity in modern Europe. University of California Press. p. 44. ISBN 9780520925847. Marx [in his On the Jewish Question] did not...
that secular nationalism would replace Judaism as the foundation of Jewishidentity. Rabbi Baruch Halberstam (d. 1906) took a leading role in opposing...
Jews were required to wear in certain non-Jewish societies throughout history. A Jew's ethno-religious identity, which would be denoted by the badge, would...
Israel Israelites Jewish culture Jewish diaspora Jewish history JewishidentityJewish population by country Racism in Israel Racism in Jewish communities Ten...