Portrait of the King Jesus, 10th century. Found in Xinjiang Gaochang, it is the oldest known Manichean Jesus portrait.
Other names
Jesus of Light (光明夷數)
Jesus the Splendour (夷數精和)
Jesus the Buddha of Harmony (夷數和佛)
Predecessor
Śākyamuni Buddha (釋迦文佛)
Successor
Mani the Buddha of Light (摩尼光佛)
Abodes
World of Light (明界), Moon Palace (月宮)
Symbol
cross of light, moon
Ethnic group
Hebrew
Parents
Father of Greatness
Equivalents
Christian equivalent
Jesus
Islamic equivalent
ʿĪsā ibn Maryam
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In Manichaeism, Jesus (Romanization of Parthian and Pahlavi: Yyšw '[Yišō])[1] is considered one of the four prophets of the faith, along with Zoroaster, Gautama Buddha and Mani.[2] He is also a "guiding deity" who greets the light bodies of the righteous after their deliverance.[3]
Before the introduction of Manichaeism to Central Asia, the number of prophets recognized by it was undetermined. After being introduced to Central Asia, it was determined to be five, that is, the above-mentioned four prophets plus the Hindu god Narayana, because Hinduism had significant influence in ancient Central Asia.[4]
Mani, the founder of the church, grew up in a Christian family in the 3rd century AD. His father Pātik was a believer in the church. They lived in southern Mesopotamia under the rule of the Sasanian Dynasty. Although Mani mentions Zoroastrianism and Sakyamuni in his own writings, Jesus is the key point. For example: "Jesus is Mani's savior"; "Mani, the apostle of Jesus Christ" (Mani's crystal seal and his own name in the letter); "Mani is the Holy Spirit of Jesus" (Mani's disciples' honorific title to him).[5] Catholic Church Father Augustine once wrote about the Manichaeans' obsession[clarification needed] with Jesus and there are many hymns in the Manichaean scriptures in various languages.[6]
^Ma, Xiaohe (2015-05-28). "On the Date of the Ritual Manual for the Celebration of the Birthday of the Ancestor of Promoting Well-being from Xiapu". researchgate.net. Retrieved 2020-05-28. Yishu 夷數 MC. i-ṣi̭u for Pth./MP. yyšw' [yišō] which also survives in Dunhuang texts.
^Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna (2015). Mani's Pictures: The Didactic Images of the Manichaeans from Sasanian Mesopotamia to Uygur Central Asia and Tang-Ming China(PDF). Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies. Vol. 90. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-30894-7.
^Gulácsi, Zsuzsanna (2018). "The Manichaean Roots of a Pure Land Banner from Kocho (III 4524) in the Asian Art Museum, Berlin". academia.edu. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
^Ma, Xiaohe (2016). "A New Textual Research on Suluzhi in Manichaeism" (PDF). Journal of Jao Tsung-i National College.
^Gulacsi, Zsuzsanna. ""A Song Dynasty Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus [幅宋代摩尼教<夷数佛帧> = Yifu Songdai Monijiao Yishufozheng]." Journal for the Study of Art History [艺术史研究 =Yishushi Yanjiu] 2008:139-189 [in Chinese]". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Gulacsi, Zsuzsanna (January 2009). ""A Manichaean Portrait of the Buddha Jesus: Identifying a Twelfth-Thirteenth-century Chinese Painting from the Collection of Seiun-ji Zen Temple." Artibus Asiae 69/1 (2009): 91-145". Artibus Asiae.
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