Global InformationJerusalem Embassy Act information
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| Long title | An act to provide for the relocation of the United States Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, and for other purposes. |
|---|---|
| Acronyms (colloquial) | JEA |
| Enacted by | the 104th United States Congress |
| Effective | November 8, 1995. |
| Citations | |
| Public law | 104–45 |
| Statutes at Large | 109 Stat. 398 |
| Codification | |
| Acts amended | None |
| Titles amended | None |
| U.S.C. sections created | None |
| Legislative history | |
| |
The Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995[1] is a public law of the United States passed by the 104th Congress on October 23, 1995. The proposed law was adopted by the Senate (93–5),[2] and the House (374–37).[3] The Act became law without a presidential signature on November 8, 1995.
The Act recognized Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Israel and called for Jerusalem to remain an undivided city. Its purpose was to set aside funds for the relocation of the Embassy of the United States in Israel from its location in Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, by May 31, 1999. For this purpose, it withheld 50% of the funds appropriated to the State Department specifically for "Acquisition and Maintenance of Buildings Abroad" as allocated in fiscal year 1999 until the United States Embassy in Jerusalem had officially opened.[4]
Despite passage, the law allowed the President to invoke a six-month waiver of the application of the law, and reissue the waiver every six months on "national security" grounds. The waiver was repeatedly renewed by Presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama.[5] President Donald Trump signed a waiver in June 2017. On June 5, 2017, the U.S. Senate unanimously passed a resolution commemorating the 50th anniversary of reunification of Jerusalem by 90–0. The resolution reaffirmed the Jerusalem Embassy Act and called upon the President and all United States officials to abide by its provisions.[6] On December 6, 2017, Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital,[7] and ordered the planning of the relocation of the embassy.[8][9] However, following the announcement, Trump signed an embassy waiver again, delaying the move, as mandated by the Act, by at least six months.[10][11] Legally, however, the U.S. embassy can be moved at any time without reliance on the Act.
On February 23, 2018, President Trump announced that the US Embassy in Israel would reopen at the Arnona consular services site of the then US Consulate-General in Jerusalem. The United States Embassy officially relocated to Jerusalem on May 14, 2018, to coincide with the 70th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence.[12][13]
- ^ Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995, Pub. L. 104–45 (text) (PDF), November 8, 1995, 109 Stat. 398.
- ^ On the passage of S. 1322, the Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995, Roll call vote 496, via Senate.gov
- ^ On the passage of S. 1322, the Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995, Roll call vote 734, via Clerk.House.gov
- ^ Breger, Marshall J. (October 23, 1995). "Jerusalem Gambit: How We Should Treat Jerusalem Is a Matter of U.S. Constitutional Law as Well as Middle Eastern Politics". National Review. 47 (20): 41–4.
- ^ "Presidential Memorandum for the Secretary of State". whitehouse.gov. June 1, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017 – via National Archives.
- ^ Cortellessa, Eric (June 6, 2017). "Senate unanimously passes bill marking 50 years since Jerusalem reunification". The Times of Israel. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ Proclamation 9683 of December 6, 2017, 82 FR 58331
- ^ Pappas, Alex (December 6, 2017). "Trump officially recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital, orders embassy move for US". Foxnews.com. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ Cortellessa, Eric (June 1, 2017). "Trump signs waiver, won't move US embassy to Jerusalem". Times of Israel. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ Presidential Determination No. 2018-2 December 6, 2017 82 FR 61127
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
toiwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Nauert, Heather. "Opening of U.S. Embassy Jerusalem". United States Department of State. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- ^ Wadhams, Nick (February 24, 2018). "U.S. Speeds Up Timetable for Moving Embassy to Jerusalem". Time. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2023.