Jehangir Karamat information

**General**
Jahangir Karamat
جہانگیر کرامت
NI(M) HI(M) TBt
General Jahangir Karamat ; جہانگیر کرامت NI(M) HI(M) TBt
6th Chief of Army Staff
	In office; 12 January 1996 – 6 October 1998
President	Farooq Leghari; Wasim Sajjad (acting); Rafiq Tarar;
Prime Minister	Benazir Bhutto; Nawaz Sharif;
Preceded by	Abdul Waheed Kakar
Succeeded by	Pervez Musharraf
9th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
	In office; 9 November 1997 – 7 October 1998
Preceded by	ACM Farooq Feroze Khan
Succeeded by	Gen. Pervez Musharraf
Pakistani Ambassador to the United States
	In office; 17 November 2004 – 3 June 2006
President	Pervez Musharraf
Prime Minister	Shaukat Aziz
Preceded by	Ashraf Qazi
Succeeded by	Mahmud Ali Durrani
Personal details
Born	20 February 1941 (age 83); Karachi, Sind, British India
Nationality	Pakistani
Alma mater	Pakistan Military Academy; Command and Staff College; Command and General Staff College; National Defence University;
Institutions	National Defence University (NDU); Armed Forces War College (afwc);
Field(s)	Political science
Notable students	Pervez Musharraf; Ali Kuli Khan; Aziz Mirza; Fasih Bokhari;
Notable work(s)	Work in civil-military relations and Decentralization
Military service
Branch/service	Pakistan Army
Years of service	1958–1998
Rank	General
Unit	13th Lancers, Armoured Corps, PA-6399
Commands	Chief of General Staff, Army GHQ; II Strike Corps, Multan; Armoured Corps; DG Army Rangers; DG for Military Operations; Pakistan Armed Forces–Middle East Command;
Battles/wars	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965; Indo-Pakistani War of 1971;
Awards	Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military); Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military); Tamgha-e-Basalat; Order of King AbdulAziz; Order of Military Merit; Turkish Legion of Merit; The Legion of Merit; Sword of Honour;

General Jehangir Karamat NI(M) HI(M) TBt (Urdu: جہانگیر کرامت ; born 20 February 1941) is a retired four-star rank military officer, diplomat, public intellectual, and a former professor of political science at the National Defense University.^[1] Prior to serving as a Chief of Army Staff, he also served as the 9th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1997 to 1998.^[2]

After joining the Pakistan Army in 1958, he entered in the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, and passed out in 1961 to later serve in the combat in conflicts with India in 1965 and in 1971. In 1995, he came into national prominence after he notably exposed the attempted coup d'état against Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, and eventually appointed as an army chief and later Chairman joint chiefs. His tenure is regarded as his pivotal role in enhancing the democracy and the civilian control when he staunchly backed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's authorisation of atomic-testing programme in 1998.^[3]

On 6 October 1998, Karamat was forcibly relieved from his four-star commands by Prime minister Nawaz Sharif over a disagreement on national security and reforms of the intelligence community.^[4] He is also one of very few army generals in the military history of Pakistan to have resigned over a disagreement with the civilian authorities.^[5]

After his resignation, he accepted the professorship at the Stanford University in California and appointed as to head Pakistan's diplomatic mission as an Ambassador but was later removed due to strong advocacy for democracy.

Karamat has been credited for foresight prediction of the dangers of unbalanced civil-military relations and the rise of foreign-supported homegrown terrorism in the country.^[4] Many of his recommendations on national security eventually became part of counterterrorism policy by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 2013.^[4]

^ Cite error: The named reference ISPR (Army) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Musharraf, Pervez (2006). In the line of fire : a memoir. New York [u.a.]: Free Press. ISBN 074-3283449.
^ Cite error: The named reference Stanford University Press was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference Harvard University Press was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Macmillan [u.a.] was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ISPR_(Army)-1] Cite error: The named reference ISPR (Army) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Free_Press-2] Musharraf, Pervez (2006). In the line of fire : a memoir. New York [u.a.]: Free Press. ISBN 074-3283449.

[Stanford_University_Press-3] Cite error: The named reference Stanford University Press was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Harvard_University_Press-4] Cite error: The named reference Harvard University Press was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Macmillan_[u.a.]-5] Cite error: The named reference Macmillan [u.a.] was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Jehangir Karamat information

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General Jahangir Karamat جہانگیر کرامت NI(M) HI(M) TBt


6th Chief of Army Staff
In office 12 January 1996 – 6 October 1998
President	Farooq Leghari Wasim Sajjad (acting) Rafiq Tarar
Prime Minister	Benazir Bhutto Nawaz Sharif
Preceded by	Abdul Waheed Kakar
Succeeded by	Pervez Musharraf
9th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
In office 9 November 1997 – 7 October 1998
Preceded by	ACM Farooq Feroze Khan
Succeeded by	Gen. Pervez Musharraf
Pakistani Ambassador to the United States
In office 17 November 2004 – 3 June 2006
President	Pervez Musharraf
Prime Minister	Shaukat Aziz
Preceded by	Ashraf Qazi
Succeeded by	Mahmud Ali Durrani

Personal details
Born	(1941-02-20) 20 February 1941 (age 83) Karachi, Sind, British India
Nationality	Pakistani
Alma mater	Pakistan Military Academy Command and Staff College Command and General Staff College National Defence University
Institutions	National Defence University (NDU) Armed Forces War College (afwc)
Field(s)	Political science
Notable students	Pervez Musharraf Ali Kuli Khan Aziz Mirza Fasih Bokhari
Notable work(s)	Work in civil-military relations and Decentralization
Military service
Branch/service	Pakistan Army
Years of service	1958–1998
Rank	General
Unit	13th Lancers, Armoured Corps, PA-6399
Commands	Chief of General Staff, Army GHQ II Strike Corps, Multan Armoured Corps DG Army Rangers DG for Military Operations Pakistan Armed Forces–Middle East Command
Battles/wars	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Awards	Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) Tamgha-e-Basalat Order of King AbdulAziz Order of Military Merit Turkish Legion of Merit The Legion of Merit Sword of Honour