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This portrait of Jacquard was woven in silk on a Jacquard loom and required 24,000 punched cards to create (1839). It was only produced to order. Charles Babbage owned one of these portraits; it inspired him in using perforated cards in his Analytical Engine.[1] It is in the collection of the Science Museum in London, England.[2]
The Jacquard machine (French:[ʒakaʁ]) is a device fitted to a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.[3] The resulting ensemble of the loom and Jacquard machine is then called a Jacquard loom. The machine was patented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804,[4][5][6][7] based on earlier inventions by the Frenchmen Basile Bouchon (1725), Jean Baptiste Falcon (1728), and Jacques Vaucanson (1740).[8] The machine was controlled by a "chain of cards"; a number of punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence.[9] Multiple rows of holes were punched on each card, with one complete card corresponding to one row of the design.
Both the Jacquard process and the necessary loom attachment are named after their inventor. This mechanism is probably one of the most important weaving innovations as Jacquard shedding made possible the automatic production of unlimited varieties of complex pattern weaving. The term "Jacquard" is not specific or limited to any particular loom, but rather refers to the added control mechanism that automates the patterning. The process can also be used for patterned knitwear and machine-knitted textiles such as jerseys.[10]
This use of replaceable punched cards to control a sequence of operations is considered an important step in the history of computing hardware, having inspired Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine.
^Hyman, Anthony, ed. Science and Reform: Selected Works of Charles Babbage, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 298.
^Delve (2007), p. 99.
^"Fabric Glossary". Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
^Eric Hobsbawm, "The Age of Revolution", (London 1962; repr. 2008), p.45.
^Keranen, Rachel (2016). Inventions in Computing: From the Abacus to Personal Computers. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. pp. 41–43. ISBN 978-1-5026-2301-0.
^C. Razy p.120 (1913)
^Newton, William, ed. (January 1, 1866). "To James Melvin, of Pinlaws, County Fife, N.B., for improvements in jacquard machines.—[dated 10th May, 1865.]". Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences. 23. London: 334.
^Parrillo Chapman, Lisa (2008). Textile Design Engineering Within the Product Shape. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-1109003987.
ensemble of the loom and Jacquardmachine is then called a Jacquard loom. The machine was patented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804, based on earlier...
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Arts in Łódź, Poland. Battening on a jacquard loom in Łódź. A female worker changing jacquard cards in a lace machine in a Nottingham factory (1918 (First...
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that the Jacquard apparatus could be adapted to it. From 1841 lace complete with pattern, net and outline could be made on the Leavers machine. Most lace...
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solutions, such as in musical box cams and Jacquard looms. The convergence of programmable mechanical control with machine tool toolpath control was delayed many...
is required, the healds are raised by harness cords attached to a Jacquardmachine. Every time the harness (the heddles) moves up or down, an opening...
industrial revolution, it became increasingly mechanized. In 1765, when a machine for spinning wool or cotton called the spinning jenny was invented in the...
engine, and likens its function to the Jacquardmachine, in that it used binary punch cards to denote machine language. In note C, this point is furthered...
knitting machine. 1791 – The Englishman Dawson solves the mechanization of the warp knitting machine. 1801 – Joseph Marie Jacquard invents the Jacquard punched...
lists of instructions (not data) to drive programmed machines such as Jacquard looms. "After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched...
punching, these cards are sewed in order and fixed in the jacquardmachine. Weaving: After the jacquard loom has been introduced, the weaving of a Baluchari...
create a hole. The pointelle knitting requires jacquard controlled knitting machines. The jacquardmachines equipped with computers, wheels, punching cards...
revolution, setting the tone in all life fields, including art. The Jacquardmachine was invented during this period (which revolutionised the entire sewing...
fully commercialized, with loom technology developing rapidly. Dobby loom Jacquard loom Paul Moody Northrop Loom Textile manufacture during the Industrial...
Posselt (1858 – June 28, 1921) was an authority on Jacquard looms and weaving. His book on the Jacquardmachine is considered to be a classic. Posselt, the son...
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 1804 Jacquardmachine Joseph Marie Jacquard none (unique language) 1879 Begriffsschrift Gottlob Frege...
Retrieved 19 February 2012. Their word processors, manufactured by AM Jacquard Systems and in operation at Stanwick since 1978, have significantly reduced...
to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have...
to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have...
converted into fly shuttles. Devendranath Mukhopadhyay introduced the Jacquardmachine, which widened the scope of designing from simple to complex and varied...
Archimedes Banū Mūsā Joseph Marie Jacquard Jerome H. Lemelson Leonardo da Vinci Thomas Edison James Watt List of early flying machines Outline of robotics Outline...
into a fly shuttle. Later, Debbendra Nath Mukherjee introduced the Jacquardmachine and this facilitated a wide cross section of the new design in the...
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