Continuously varied JPEG compression (between Q=100 and Q=1) for an abdominal CT scan
JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/JAY-peg, short for Joint Photographic Experts Group)[2] is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality.[3] Since its introduction in 1992, JPEG has been the most widely used image compression standard in the world,[4][5] and the most widely used digital image format, with several billion JPEG images produced every day as of 2015.[6]
The Joint Photographic Experts Group created the standard in 1992.[7] JPEG was largely responsible for the proliferation of digital images and digital photos across the Internet and later social media.[8][circular reference] JPEG compression is used in a number of image file formats. JPEG/Exif is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices; along with JPEG/JFIF, it is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web.[9] These format variations are often not distinguished and are simply called JPEG.
The MIME media type for JPEG is "image/jpeg", except in older Internet Explorer versions, which provide a MIME type of "image/pjpeg" when uploading JPEG images.[10] JPEG files usually have a filename extension of "jpg" or "jpeg". JPEG/JFIF supports a maximum image size of 65,535×65,535 pixels,[11] hence up to 4 gigapixels for an aspect ratio of 1:1. In 2000, the JPEG group introduced a format intended to be a successor, JPEG 2000, but it was unable to replace the original JPEG as the dominant image standard.[12]
^Cite error: The named reference t81 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Definition of "JPEG"". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
^Haines, Richard F.; Chuang, Sherry L. (1 July 1992). The effects of video compression on acceptability of images for monitoring life sciences experiments (Technical report). NASA. NASA-TP-3239, A-92040, NAS 1.60:3239. Retrieved 13 March 2016. The JPEG still-image-compression levels, even with the large range of 5:1 to 120:1 in this study, yielded equally high levels of acceptability
^Cite error: The named reference Hudson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Svetlik, Joe (31 May 2018). "The JPEG Image Format Explained". BT.com. BT Group. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
^Baraniuk, Chris (15 October 2015). "Copy Protections Could Come to JPEGs". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
^Trinkwalder, Andrea (7 October 2016). "JPEG: 25 Jahre und kein bisschen alt" [JPEG: 25 years (old) and not a bit old]. de:Heise online (in German). Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
^Caplan, Paul (24 September 2013). "What Is a JPEG? The Invisible Object You See Every Day". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
^"HTTP Archive – Interesting Stats". httparchive.org. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
^"MIME Type Detection in Internet Explorer". Microsoft. 13 July 2016. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
^"JPEG File Interchange Format" (PDF). 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^"Why JPEG 2000 Never Took Off". American National Standards Institute. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/ JAY-peg, short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for...
JPEG 2000 (JP2) is an image compression standard and coding system. It was developed from 1997 to 2000 by a Joint Photographic Experts Group committee...
JPEG XR (JPEG extended range) is an image compression standard for continuous tone photographic images, based on the HD Photo (formerly Windows Media...
JPEG XL is a royalty-free raster-graphics file format that supports both lossy and lossless compression. It is designed to outperform existing raster formats...
Motion JPEG (M-JPEG or MJPEG) is a video compression format in which each video frame or interlaced field of a digital video sequence is compressed separately...
JPEG XS (ISO/IEC 21122) is an interoperable, visually lossless, low-latency and lightweight image and video coding system used in professional applications...
Motion JPEG 2000 (MJ2 or MJP2) is a file format for motion sequences of JPEG 2000 images and associated audio, based on the MP4 and QuickTime format....
including JPEG 2000 and JPEG-LS. Lossless JPEG was developed as a late addition to JPEG in 1993, using a completely different technique from the lossy JPEG standard...
encoded with the JPEG algorithm. The base specifications for a JPEG container format are defined in Annex B of the JPEG standard, known as JPEG Interchange...
files. Such files require less storage space than the equivalent quality JPEG. HEIF files are a special case of the ISO Base Media File Format (ISOBMFF...
(DCT) compression algorithm used in many digital media standards, such as JPEG, MP3, and MPEG video file formats. These compression artifacts appear when...
JPEG Raw is the fourth studio album by American blues rock musician Gary Clark Jr.. It was released on March 22, 2024, through Warner Records and features...
JPEG XR, a successor of JPEG with support for high-dynamic range, wide gamut pixel formats (lossless or lossy compression) Wavelet compression JPEG 2000...
JPEG XT (ISO/IEC 18477) is an image compression standard which specifies backward-compatible extensions of the base JPEG standard (ISO/IEC 10918-1 and...
raster graphics file format developed by Google intended as a replacement for JPEG, PNG, and GIF file formats. It supports both lossy and lossless compression...
format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not...
Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1973. JPEG was introduced by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) in 1992. JPEG compresses images down to much smaller...
later be part of the final file format. Oliver Fromme, author of the popular JPEG viewer QPEG, proposed the PING name, eventually becoming PNG, a recursive...
accommodate grayscale images, then color images. Today, TIFF, along with JPEG and PNG, is a popular format for deep-color images. The first version of...
JPEG Network Graphics (JNG, /ˈdʒɪŋ/) is a JPEG-based graphics file format which is closely related to PNG: it uses the PNG file structure (with a different...
following existing encoding formats with the addition of specific metadata tags: JPEG lossy coding for compressed image files, TIFF Rev. 6.0 (RGB or YCbCr) for...
OpenJPEG is an open-source library to encode and decode JPEG 2000 images. As of version 2.1 released in April 2014, it is officially conformant with the...
for handling the JPEG image data format. It implements a JPEG codec (encoding and decoding) alongside various utilities for handling JPEG data. It is written...
adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable file format such as JPEG or PNG for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of...
databases. XMP can be used in several file formats such as PDF, JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XL, GIF, PNG, WebP, HTML, TIFF, Adobe Illustrator, PSD, MP3...
video codecs: On2 Technologies VP6 and Sorenson Spark, and run-time JPEG, Progressive JPEG, PNG, GIF and (DWG) AutoCAD Drawing file (WMV) Windows Metafile...
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