Muslim conquest of Upper Mesopotamia (August 639–640)
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Banu Fihr (clan)
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Governor of Dumat al-Jandal (634)
Governor of al-Jazira (637)
Governor of Jund Hims, Jund Qinnasrin and al-Jazira (639–641)
Iyad ibn Ghanm ibn Zuhayr al-Fihri (Arabic: عياض بن غنم بن زهير الفهري, romanized: ʿIyāḍ ibn Ghanm ibn Zuhayr al-Fihrī; died 641) was an Arab commander who played a leading role in the Muslim conquests of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and northern Syria. He was among the handful of Qurayshi tribesmen to embrace Islam before the mass conversion of the tribe in 630, and was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In 634, under Caliph Abu Bakr, he governed the north Arabian oasis town of Dumat al-Jandal. Later, in 637, he became governor of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), but was dismissed by Caliph Umar (r. 634–644) for alleged improprieties. Afterward, he became a close military aide of his cousin and nephew, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, under whose direction Iyad conquered much of Byzantine-held northern Syria, including Aleppo, Manbij and Cyrrhus.
When Abu Ubayda died in 639, Iyad succeeded him as governor of Hims, Qinnasrin and al-Jazira. In the latter territory, he launched a campaign to assert Muslim rule, first capturing Raqqa after conquering the countryside. This was followed by the conquests of Edessa, Harran and Samosata under similar circumstances. With the exception of heavy fighting at Ras al-Ayn and Dara, Iyad received the surrenders of a string of other Mesopotamian towns with relatively little blood spilled. Overall, Iyad's conquest of Upper Mesopotamia left much of the captured towns intact and their inhabitants unharmed to maintain their tax payments to the nascent caliphate. According to historian Leif Inge Ree Petersen, Iyad "has received little attention" but was "clearly of great ability".
Iyad Burnat (born 1973), leads Bil'in's non-violent struggle in the West Bank Iyad Ag Ghaly, Tuareg militant from Mali's Kidal Region IyadibnGhanm (died...
Jazirah was completed by 640 CE, after which Abu Ubaidah sent Khalid and IyadibnGhanm (conqueror of Jazirah) to invade Byzantine territory north of there...
Imran ibn Husain IyadibnGhanm Jaban al-Kurdi Jabr Jabir ibn Abdullah al-Ansari Jafar ibn Abi Talib Jamila bint Thabit Jubayr ibn Mut'im Julaybib Jumanah...
the Sasanian Empire. When Khalid ibn Walid left from Ayn al-Tamr to Dumat Al-Jandal for the help of IyadibnGhanm, the Persian court believed that Khalid...
Daumat-ul-jandal in Northern Arabia, where another Muslim general, IyadibnGhanm, was trapped among the rebel tribes. Khalid diverted there and defeated...
the Sasanian Empire. When Khalid ibn Walid gone from Ayn al-Tamr to Dumat Al-Jandal for the help of IyadibnGhanm, The Persian court believed that Khalid...
northern Arabia at Dawmat al-Jandal, where another Muslim Arab general, IyadibnGhanm, was trapped among the rebel tribes. Khalid went there and defeated...
left wing of IyadibnGhanm's 5,000-strong army during the launch of a campaign to conquer al-Jazira; al-Waqidi further states that Khalid ibn al-Walid was...
Muslim commander IyadibnGhanm. In many periods control of the city changed hands frequently between different dynasties. Hamdan ibn Hamdun captured the...
Emessa in March 638, Abu Ubaidah sent more columns under Khalid ibn Walid and IyadibnGhanm to subdue Jazira near the Syrian frontiers and in Anatolia. These...
an Arab tribe. The region was conquered by the Arab Muslim general IyadibnGhanm during the early Muslim conquests in the 630s–640s and came under Islamic...
forcibly resettled by the Byzantines to Cyprus. The city surrendered to IyadibnGhanm in 640, during the first wave of the Muslim conquests. Arab geographers...
conquered in the 630s–640s by the Arab Muslims led by the commander IyadibnGhanm and thereafter incorporated into the Diyar Rabi'a district of the Jazira...
Edessa. Urfa surrendered to the Rashidun general IyadibnGhanm in 639 without resistance, supposedly when Iyad "stood at its gate riding a brown horse" according...
new city named Martyropolis or Np’rkert. In c. 640, the Arab general IyadibnGhanm invaded Arzanene from Syria. Following the Arab conquest of Armenia...
Damascus. In the year 639 or 640, the city fell to the Muslim conqueror IyadibnGhanm. Since then, it has been known by the Arabic name al-Raqqah, or "the...
northern Arabia at Dawmat al-Jandal, where another Muslim Arab general, IyadibnGhanm, was trapped among the rebel tribes. Khalid went there and defeated...
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