For other uses, see Jus (disambiguation) and IUS (disambiguation).
Ius or Jus (Latin, plural iura)[2] in ancient Rome was a right to which a citizen (civis) was entitled by virtue of his citizenship (civitas). The iura were specified by laws, so ius sometimes meant law. As one went to the law courts to sue for one's rights, ius also meant justice and the place where justice was sought.[3]
On the whole, the Romans valued their rights as the greatest good of Roman citizenship (civitas romana), as opposed to citizenship in other city-states under the jurisdiction of Rome but without Roman rights. Outsiders (peregrini) and freedmen (libertini) perforce used Roman lawyers to represent them in actions undertaken under the jurisdiction of Roman law. Representation was one of the civic obligations (munera) owed to the state by citizens. These munera (on which account the citizens were municipes) included military service as well as paying taxes, but specialized obligations might also be associated with functions of elected offices or assigned by the government, such as paying the cost of road or aqueduct maintenance. Some of these functions were highly lucrative, such as tax collecting, since the collector collected much more than he owed the government, but for the most part functionaries were appointed for their wealth and were expected to assume the costs as their munus. If they did not, they were tried and sometimes executed. Violation of the iura of other citizens, whether in office or out, was a serious matter, for which the punishment might be death.
^Hellems, Fred B.R. (1902). Lex de Imperio Vespasiani: A consideration of some of the constitutional aspects of the principate at Rome, a Thesis. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company. pp. 4–5.
^The Roman alphabet had no "j"; the Romans used "i" only. In the mediaeval period Latin words beginning with i + a vowel were back-formed with a j- to represent the y- sound. Dictionaries do or do not use the j- by editorial decision.
Ius or Jus (Latin, plural iura) in ancient Rome was a right to which a citizen (civis) was entitled by virtue of his citizenship (civitas). The iura were...
Ius or IUS may refer to: Indiana University Southeast, an American campus International Union of Students, a global association of student unions International...
Ius naturale is Latin for natural right, the laws common to all beings. Roman jurists wondered why the ius gentium (the laws which applied to foreigners...
replaced by so-called vulgar law. Ius civile, ius gentium, and ius naturale. The ius civile ("citizen law", originally ius civile Quiritium) was the body...
Ius publicum is Latin for public law. Public law regulated the relationships of the government to its citizens, including taxation, while ius privatum...
The ius gentium or jus gentium (Latin for "law of nations") is a concept of international law within the ancient Roman legal system and Western law traditions...
substance. It is employed in contradistinction to the ius abutendi, the right of disposal. IusIus abutendi Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910)...
The ius promovendi, in Dutch higher education, is the right to supervise doctoral students. Its name is Latin, literally meaning "the right to promote"...
Ius privatum is Latin for private law. Contrasted with ius publicum (the laws relating to the state), ius privatum regulated the relations between individuals...
Latin rights (also Latin citizenship, Latin: ius Latii or ius latinum) were a set of legal rights that were originally granted to the Latins (Latin: "Latini"...
In Roman law, ius singulare (Latin, "singular law") was a special law that applied to a certain class of persons, such as soldiers or minors, or to an...
Ius abutendi (or abusus), a term in civil law and Roman law, is one of the three major subsets in the bundle of rights making up ownership (dominium)...
Ius in re, or jus in re, under civil law, more commonly referred to as a real right or right in rem, is a right in property, known as an interest under...
The canon law of the Catholic Church (from Latin ius canonicum) is "how the Church organizes and governs herself". It is the system of laws and ecclesiastical...
Ius Italicum (Latin, Italian or Italic law) was a law in the early Roman Empire that allowed the emperors to grant cities outside Italy the legal fiction...
Jus commune or ius commune is Latin for "common law" in certain jurisdictions. It is often used by civil law jurists to refer to those aspects of the...
International Union of Students (IUS) was a worldwide nonpartisan association of university student organizations. The IUS was the umbrella organization...
the ius commercii and ius conubii (rights of property and marriage) The optimo iure, who held these rights as well as the ius suffragii and ius honorum...
Renunciation of citizenship Naturalization Birth aboard aircraft and ships Ius sanguinis Ius soli Repatriation By result Citizenship Multiple citizenship Passport...
Chris Ius (born January 14, 1954, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian boxer, who represented his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics...
Ius Laboris is a global alliance of law firms that specialise in employment, labour, immigration and pensions law. The network has over 1,500 HR lawyers...
Droit du seigneur ('right of the lord'), also known as jus primae noctis ('right of the first night'), sometimes referred to as prima nocta, was a supposed...
Ius strictum means "strict law", or law interpreted without any modification and in its utmost rigor. It is a very rare term in the materials of classical...
the core texts and principles of Rome's religious and civil law (ius divinum and ius civile). See also commentarii pontificum. In animal sacrifice, the...
International University of Scholars or University of Scholars, also known as IUS, is a private university based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The International University...
The lex Canuleia (‘Canuleian law’), or lex de conubio patrum et plebis, was a law of the Roman Republic, passed in the year 445 BC, restoring the right...
ius Latium, in Roman law, was a rule of law applicable to magistrates in Latium. It was either majus Latium or minus Latium,—the majus Latium raising...
Jus accrescendi, in Roman law, is the right of survivorship, the right of the survivor or survivors of two or more joint tenants to the tenancy or estate...