Italian wolf range: red means stable presence; yellow means irregular presence
The Italian wolf (Canis lupus italicus[3][4] or Canis lupus lupus[5]), also known as the Apennine wolf,[6][7] is a subspecies of the grey wolf native to the Italian Peninsula. It inhabits the Apennine Mountains and the Western Alps, though it is undergoing expansion towards the north and east. As of 2022 the wolf population within Italy is estimated to be 3,307 individuals.[8] Although not universally recognised as a distinct subspecies,[5] it nonetheless possesses a unique mtDNA haplotype[9][10][11] and a distinct skull morphology.[12]
It has been strictly protected in Italy since the 1970s, when the population reached a low of 70–100 individuals. The population is increasing in number, though illegal hunting and persecution still constitute a threat. Since the 1990s, the Italian wolf's range has expanded into southeastern France[13] and Switzerland.[14]
The Italian wolf features prominently in Latin and Italian cultures, such as in the legend of the founding of Rome.[15] It is unofficially considered the national animal of Italy.[16][17]
^IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group ( Claudio Sillero). "Grey wolf Canis lupus". International Union for the Conservation of Nature - Canid Specialist Group.
^ abCite error: The named reference msw3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Salari et al. 2017.
^Sardella, Raffaele; Bertè, Davide; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Cherin, Marco; Tagliacozzo, Antonio (2014). "The wolf from Grotta Romanelli (Apulia, Italy) and its implications in the evolutionary history of Canis lupus in the Late Pleistocene of Southern Italy". Quaternary International. 328–329: 179–195. Bibcode:2014QuInt.328..179S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.11.016.
^"Risultati: I risultati del Monitoraggio nazionale del lupo" [Results: The results of the National Wolf Monitoring]. Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (in Italian). 12 May 2022.
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