Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
This article is about the support protocol for IPv4 (ICMPv4). For ICMPv6, see ICMPv6.
Internet Control Message Protocol
Communication protocol
A general header for ICMPv4
Purpose
Auxiliary protocol for IPv4[1]
Developer(s)
DARPA
Introduction
1981
OSI layer
Network layer
RFC(s)
RFC 792
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices, including routers, to send error messages and operational information indicating success or failure when communicating with another IP address. For example, an error is indicated when a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached.[2] ICMP differs from transport protocols such as TCP and UDP in that it is not typically used to exchange data between systems, nor is it regularly employed by end-user network applications (with the exception of some diagnostic tools like ping and traceroute).
ICMP for IPv4 is defined in RFC 792. A separate ICMPv6, defined by RFC 4443, is used with IPv6.
Internet protocol suite
Application layer
BGP
DHCP (v6)
DNS
FTP
HTTP (HTTP/3)
HTTPS
IMAP
IRC
LDAP
MGCP
MQTT
NNTP
NTP
OSPF
POP
PTP
ONC/RPC
RTP
RTSP
RIP
SIP
SMTP
SNMP
SSH
Telnet
TLS/SSL
XMPP
more...
Transport layer
TCP
UDP
DCCP
SCTP
RSVP
QUIC
more...
Internet layer
IP
v4
v6
ICMP (v6)
NDP
ECN
IGMP
IPsec
more...
Link layer
ARP
Tunnels
PPP
MAC
more...
v
t
e
^F. Baker (June 1995). Baker, F (ed.). Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers. p. 52. RFC 1812.
^Forouzan, Behrouz A. (2007). Data Communications And Networking (Fourth ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. pp. 621–630. ISBN 978-0-07-296775-3.
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