International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act information
International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act
Long title
An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, with respect to parental kidnapping, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)
IPKCA
Nicknames
International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993
Enacted by
the 103rd United States Congress
Effective
December 2, 1993
Citations
Public law
103-173
Statutes at Large
107 Stat. 1998
Codification
Titles amended
18 U.S.C.: Crimes and Criminal Procedure
U.S.C. sections created
18 U.S.C. ch. 55 § 1204
U.S.C. sections amended
18 U.S.C. ch. 55 § 1201 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 3378 by George Gekas (R–PA) on October 27, 1993
Committee consideration by House Judiciary
Passed the House on November 20, 1993 (Passed voice vote)
Passed the Senate on November 20, 1993 (Passed voice vote)
Signed into law by President William J. Clinton on December 2, 1993
The International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act 1993 (IPKCA) is a United States federal law. H.R. 3378, approved December 2, was assigned Public Law No. 103-173 and signed as Public Law 103-322 by President Bill Clinton on September 2, 1993.[1] This law makes it a federal crime to remove a child from the United States or retain a child outside the United States with the intent to obstruct a parent's custodial rights, or to attempt to do so (See 18 U.S.C. § 1204.) This crime is punishable by up to three years in prison. The law provides an affirmative defense where the abducting parent acted pursuant to a valid court order obtained under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction And Enforcement Act, or where the abducting parent was fleeing domestic violence, or where the failure to return the child resulted from circumstances beyond the taking parent's control and the taking parent made reasonable efforts to notify the left behind parent within 24 hours and returned the child as soon as possible.[2] Since its enactment, the law has only been used in a very small minority of international child abduction cases prompting parents of internationally abducted children to claim an abuse of or prosecutorial discretion on the part of federal prosecutors.[citation needed]
^Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "William J. Clinton: "Statement on Signing the International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993," December 2, 1993". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
^"Child Exploitation and Obscenity (CEOS): International Parental Kidnapping". Archived from the original on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
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