This article is about International child abduction. For child kidnappings for ransom and other forms of international child exploitation, see Child trafficking.
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Conflict of laws and private international law
Preliminaries
Characterisation
Incidental question
Renvoi
Choice of law
Conflict of laws in the United States
Public policy doctrine
Hague Conference
Definitional elements
Jurisdiction
Procedure
Forum non conveniens
Lex causae
Lex fori
Forum shopping
Lis alibi pendens
Connecting factors
Domicile
Lex domicilii
Habitual residence
Nationality
Lex patriae
Lex loci arbitri
Lex loci rei sitae
Lex loci contractus
Lex loci delicti commissi
Lex loci actus
Lex loci solutionis
Lex loci protectionis
Proper law
Lex loci celebrationis
Choice of law clause
Dépeçage
Forum selection clause
Substantive legal areas
Status
Capacity
Contract
Tort
Marriage
Divorce
Property
Forced heirship
Hague Trust Convention
Enforcement
Enforcement of foreign judgments
Anti-suit injunctions
Revenue rule
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Family law
Family
Marriage and other unions and status
Types of marriages
Cohabitation
Concubinage
Common-law marriage
Civil union
Domestic partnership
Validity of marriages
Marriage licence
Marriage certificate
Prenuptial agreement
Matrimonial regime
Void and Voidable marriages
Annulment
Marriageable age
Sham marriage
Amatonormativity
Dissolution of marriages
Divorce
Adultery
Grounds for divorce
No-fault divorce
Matrimonial Causes Act
Legal separation
Alimony
Parenting plan
Residence [UK (EW and NI)]
Parental rights
Custody evaluator (US)
Parenting coordinator (US)
Children's issues
Paternity
DNA paternity testing
Legitimacy
Child custody
Legal guardian
Adoption
Tender years doctrine
Filial responsibility
Contact & visitation
CAFCASS [UK (EW)]
Grandparent visitation
UN Rights of the Child
Children's rights
Emancipation
Foster care
Ward
Child support
Paper abortion
Paternal rights and abortion
List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention
Private international law
Private international law
Divorce
Marriage
Hague Convention (adoption)
International child abduction
Hague Convention (child abduction)
Hague Convention (maintenance)
Family and criminal code (or criminal law)
Bigamy
Child abuse
CPS (US)
Child selling
Domestic violence
Incest
Legality of incest
Parental child abduction
Paternity fraud
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The term international child abduction is generally synonymous with international parental kidnapping,child snatching, and child stealing.[1]
In private international law the term usually refers to the illegal removal of children from their home by an acquaintance or family member to a foreign country. In this context, "illegal" is normally taken to mean "in breach of custodial rights" and "home" is defined as the child's habitual residence. As implied by the "breach of custodial rights," the phenomenon of international child abduction generally involves an illegal removal that creates a jurisdictional conflict of laws whereby multiple authorities and jurisdictions could conceivably arrive at seemingly reasonable and conflicting custodial decisions with geographically limited application.
Abduction by a parent often affects a child's access and connection to half their family and may cause the loss of their former language, culture, name and nationality, it violates numerous children's rights, and can cause psychological and emotional trauma to the child and family left behind.[2][3] The harmful consequences for children and families have been shown in several studies and child abduction has been characterized as a form of parental alienation and child abuse.[4]
The modern day ease of international travel and corollary increase in international marriages is leading to a rapid rise in the number of international child abductions.[2]
^HON. WILLIAM RIGLER and HOWARD L. WIEDER (2000). "THE EPIDEMIC OF PARENTAL CHILD-SNATCHING: AN OVERVIEW". US Department of State. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
^ ab"2010 Compliance Report" (PDF). Travel.state.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 28, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
^Ernie Allen. ""The kid is with a parent, how bad can it be?" The Crisis of Family Abductions" (PDF). National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
^Parental Child Abduction is Child Abuse Archived 2012-09-26 at the Wayback Machine. Nancy Faulkner, Ph.D. Presented to the United Nations Convention on Child Rights in Special Session, June 9, 1999
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