The Information Control Division (ICD) was a department of the Office of Military Government, United States (OMGUS) during the early part of the post-war American occupation of Germany following World War II focused on controlling and altering German media to promote democratic values and to move Germany away from Nazism. Formed on 12 May 1945 from the Psychological Warfare Division of SHAEF (PWD/SHAEF), the ICD was led by Robert A. McClure,[1] with a mission defined as:
to provide the Germans with information, which will influence them to understand and accept the United States programme of occupation, and to establish for themselves a stable, peaceful, and acceptable government. Such information will impress upon the Germans the totality of their military defeat, the impossibility of rearmament, the responsibility of the individual German for war and atrocities, the disastrous effects of the structure and system of National Socialism on Germany and the world, and the possibility that through work and cooperation Germany may again be accepted into the family of nations.[1]
Its initial task was seizing control of the German media, removing figures with Nazi associations or histories and prohibiting overly nationalist or militarized content. It was charged with licensing the German newspapers, selecting editors who favored creating a democratic society, and pre-approving content before it was published - although from August 1945 the model switched to approval post-publication. Initially entirely independent of the military government of Germany, it was merged into OMGUS in February 1946.[2]
As the Cold War became a priority in United States foreign policy, the ICD focused on using Germany as "the first battlefront of psychological warfare between the U.S. and the USSR", forcing licensed newspapers to publish content compatible with the direction of U.S. foreign policy and revoking the licenses of those that would not.[2] The ICD faced some controversy over this shift in focus, along with its relationship with Hollywood and its handling of its Radio Control branch.[3][4][1] The ICD relinquished central control over German mass media to the German people in 1949.[5]
^ abcShandley, Robert R. (1999). "Dismantling the Dream Factory: The Film Industry in Berubbled Germany". South Central Review. 16 (2/3): 104–117. doi:10.2307/3190192. ISSN 0743-6831. JSTOR 3190192.
^ abGoldstein, Cora Sol (March–April 2008). "A Strategic Failure: American Information Control Policy in Occupied Iraq". Military Review. Archived from the original on 10 Sep 2014.
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