Inessa Fyodorovna Armand (born Elisabeth-Inès Stéphane d'Herbenville; 8 May 1874 – 24 September 1920) was a French-Russian communist politician, member of the Bolsheviks and a feminist who spent most of her life in Russia.[1][2][3] Armand, being an important figure in the pre-Revolution Russian communist movement and the early days of the communist era, had been almost forgotten for some time, until the partial opening of Soviet archives during the 1990s (despite this, many valuable sources regarding her life still remain inaccessible in Russian archives).[4] Historian Michael Pearson wrote about her: "She was to help him (Lenin) recover his position and hone his Bolsheviks into a force that would acquire more power than the tsar, and would herself by 1919 become the most powerful woman in Moscow."[5]
^Francisca de Haan; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (2006). Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries. Central European University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4.
^Martin Mccauley (2014). The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 9781317867838.
^Gail Warshofsky Lapidus (1978). Women in Soviet Society: Equality, Development, and Social Change. University of California Press. p. 47. ISBN 9780520039384.
^Ralph Carter Elwood (2011). The Non-geometric Lenin: Essays on the Development of the Bolshevik Party. Anthem Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-85728-778-6.
^Michael Pearson (29 September 2001). "Lenin's lieutenant". The Guardian.
Inessa Fyodorovna Armand (born Elisabeth-Inès Stéphane d'Herbenville; 8 May 1874 – 24 September 1920) was a French-Russian communist politician, member...
decriminalized homosexuality, and proclaimed a new higher status for women. InessaArmand (1874-1920), Alexandra Kollontai (1872-1952), Nadezhda Krupskaya (1869-1939)...
Inessa may refer to: Aetna (city) or Inessa, an ancient city of Sicily Inessa (skipper), a genus of skipper butterfly InessaArmand (1874–1920), French...
(see Individual tombs section). Sverdlov was followed by John Reed, InessaArmand, Viktor Nogin and other notable Bolsheviks and their foreign allies...
is shown visiting with friends, the meetings with his later mistress InessaArmand (in the movie she is in love with a young communist, Trofimov), while...
established by two Russian feminist revolutionaries, Alexandra Kollontai and InessaArmand, in 1919. It was devoted to improving the conditions of women's lives...
magazine from the Soviet Union, associated to the Zhenotdel, founded by InessaArmand and Alexandra Kollontai in 1920. Kommunistka was published on a monthly...
March 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2016. Swain, Geoffrey (1993-09-01). "Inessaarmand: revolutionary and feminist". Women's History Review. 2 (3): 421–433...
then Paris. Here, he became a close friend to the French Bolshevik InessaArmand; some biographers suggest that they had an extra-marital affair from...
was the reincarnation of Vladimir Lenin and she of Lenin's mistress, InessaArmand. Some who were close to Carolyn noted a change in her personality after...
second marriage he was married to Inna Armand, a daughter of the French-born Russian Bolshevik InessaArmand; their daughter Ines came from this marriage...
25 February 1921, Lenin went to Vkhutemas to visit the daughter of InessaArmand and to converse with the students, where in a discussion about art he...
Democratic Workers Party (Bolsheviks) - Vladimir Lenin, Gregory Zinoviev, InessaArmand Organization Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party...
Marie-Rose. In France, Lenin became friends with the French Bolshevik InessaArmand; they remained close from 1910 through to 1912, and some biographers...
and Bosch opposed. On 30 November 1916, Lenin wrote to his confidant InessaArmand, complaining that "neither Yuri (Pyatakov), quite a little pig, nor...
backwardness"), women and factory workers. Soon after the 1918 revolution, InessaArmand, Lenin's secretary and lover, was instrumental in creating Zhenotdel...
instructors included: Nikolai Semashko, David Riazanov, Charles Rappoport, InessaArmand, Zdzisław Leder pl, and Anatoli Lunacharsky. Longjumeau is served by...
secretary in the Zürich Region. In 1912, he returned to St Petersburg, with InessaArmand, to revive the Bolshevik organisation in the capital and assist in getting...
Family Policy and Social Life, 1917-1936, Wendy Z. Goldman, Judy Barr; InessaArmand: Revolutionary and Feminist, R. C. Elwood". The Journal of Modern History...
University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-521-26325-5, p.472, note 6. See R. C. Elwood. InessaArmand: Revolutionary and Feminist, Cambridge University Press, 1992, paperback...
became increasingly concerned with the illness of his close friend InessaArmand, who visited him at the Kremlin on several occasions; although she temporarily...
party. Some sources erroneously list Ernst Graber, Nadezhda Krupskaya, InessaArmand, or Kautsky among the conference's participants. The Zimmerwald Conference...
commissioning the publication. However, Konkordiia (née Gromova) Samoilova, InessaArmand, a close friend of Lenin, were instrumental in actualizing the magazine...
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