Philosophies of the first inhabitants of the Americas
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Indigenous American philosophy is the philosophy of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. An Indigenous philosopher is an Indigenous American person who practices philosophy and draws upon the history, culture, language, and traditions of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Many different traditions of philosophy exist in the Americas, and have from Precolumbian times.
Indigenous-American philosophical thought consists of a wide variety of beliefs and traditions among different American cultures. Among some of U.S. Native American communities, there is a belief in a metaphysical principle called the 'Great Spirit' (Siouan: wakȟáŋ tȟáŋka; Algonquian: gitche manitou). Another widely shared concept was that of orenda ('spiritual power'). According to Whiteley (1998), for the Native Americans, "mind is critically informed by transcendental experience (dreams, visions and so on) as well as by reason."[1] The practices to access these transcendental experiences are termed shamanism. Another feature of the indigenous American worldviews was their extension of ethics to non-human animals and plants.[1][2]
^ abWhiteley, Peter M. (1998). "Native American philosophy". Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-N078-1. ISBN 9780415250696. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020.
^Pierotti, Raymond (2003). "Communities as both Ecological and Social entities in Native American thought" (PDF). Native American Symposium 5. Durant, OK: Southeastern Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 April 2016.
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