Indian Ocean humpback dolphin（S. plumbea） off Khasab in Musandam
Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[2]
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[3]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Artiodactyla
Infraorder:
Cetacea
Family:
Delphinidae
Genus:
Sousa
Species:
S. plumbea
Binomial name
Sousa plumbea
(G. Cuvier, 1829)
S. plumbea range
The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) is a member of the Delphinidae family occupying coastal areas ranging from Southern Africa to Western Indochina. The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) was formerly included within the same species, but a 2014 study revealed them to be a separate species.[4]
The most limiting factor to habitat-usage is water depth, with most specimens remaining in waters shallower than 20 meters. As a result, the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin's offshore range is largely dependent on the coastlines' specific physiographical characteristics. The species has been reported to inhabit nearly every type of coastal habitat, although preference and prominence of any given habitat type is highly dependent on the geographical location. Indian Ocean humpback dolphins experience extremely high rates of calf and juvenile mortality due to anthropogenic disturbances such as environmental pollution, habitat deterioration and noise pollution.
Indian Ocean humpback dolphins are social delphinids that live in groups averaging twelve individuals, although group size can be highly variable. The majority of their diet is composed of sciaenid fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
The species is currently categorized as Endangered.[2]
^Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). "Order Cetacea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ abBraulik, G.T.; Findlay, K.; Cerchio, S.; Baldwin, R.; Perrin, W. (2017). "Sousa plumbea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T82031633A82031644. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T82031633A82031644.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Jefferson, Thomas A.; Rosenbaum, Howard C. (2014). "Taxonomic revision of the humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.), and description of a new species from Australia". Marine Mammal Science. 30 (4): 1494–1541. Bibcode:2014MMamS..30.1494J. doi:10.1111/mms.12152.
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