"Incunabula" redirects here. For other uses, see Incunabula (disambiguation).
Page from Valerius Maximus, Facta et dicta memorabilia, printed in red and black by Peter Schöffer (Mainz, 1471). The page exhibits a rubricated initial letter "U" and decorations, marginalia, and ownership stamps of the "Bibliotheca Gymnasii Altonani" (Hamburg).Illumination with doodles and drawings (marginalia), including an open-mouthed human profile, with multiple tongues sticking out. Copulata, "De Anima", f. 2a. HMD Collection, WZ 230 M772c 1485
Image of two facing pages from "Phisicorum", fols. 57b and 58a, with doodles and drawings. HMD Collection, WZ 230 M772c 1485
An incunable or incunabulum (plural incunables or incunabula, respectively) is a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed in the earliest stages of printing in Europe, up to the year 1500. Incunabula were produced before the printing press became widespread on the continent and are distinct from manuscripts, which are documents written by hand. Some authorities on the history of printing include block books from the same time period as incunabula, whereas others limit the term to works printed using movable type.
As of 2021,[update] there are about 30,000 distinct incunable editions known.[1] The probable number of surviving individual copies is much higher, estimated at 125,000 in Germany alone.[2] Through statistical analysis, it is estimated that the number of lost editions is at least 20,000.[3] Around 550,000 copies of around 27,500 different works have been preserved worldwide.[4]
^The British Library Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Archived 12 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 16 August 2021) gives 30,518 editions, though this includes some which have been re-dated to the early 16th century.
^According to Bettina Wagner: "Das Second-Life der Wiegendrucke. Die Inkunabelsammlung der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek", in Griebel, Rolf; Ceynowa, Klaus (eds.): "Information, Innovation, Inspiration. 450 Jahre Bayerische Staatsbibliothek", K G Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-11772-5, pp. 207–224 (207f.) the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue lists 30,375 titles published before 1501.
^J. Green, F. McIntyre, P. Needham (2011), "The Shape of Incunable Survival and Statistical Estimation of Lost Editions", Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 105 (2), pp. 141–175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/680773
An incunable or incunabulum (plural incunables or incunabula, respectively) is a book, pamphlet, or broadside that was printed in the earliest stages...
prophecy of the fall of Troy (at left) and her death (at right), from an Incunable German translation by Heinrich Steinhöwel of Giovanni Boccaccio's De mulieribus...
a book said to be by Francesco Colonna. It is a famous example of an incunable (a work of early printing). The work was first published in 1499 in Venice...
The Golden Legend, a translation by William Caxton; as the most printed incunable across Europe, this reaches its 9th edition in English by 1527 Giacomo...
cataloging all extant incunables under the GW's system is indefinitely far-off. The ISTC was created to establish a system of incunable cataloging that was...
sheets and images which were created before 1501 in Europe are known as incunables or incunabula. Steam-powered printing presses became popular in the early...
is captured by a joint Venetian–Spanish fleet. December 31 – The last incunable is printed in Venice. Europe's population is estimated at 56.7 million...
sheets, and images that were created before 1501 in Europe are known as incunables or incunabula. "A man born in 1453, the year of the fall of Constantinople...
Commentarii ("Commentaries on the Poems of Virgil"), constituted the first incunable to be printed at Florence, by Bernardo Cennini, in 1471. In the Saturnalia...
largest print-runs of an edition during the incunabula (also known as the incunable period of book production c. 1455–1500), one of the first large-scale...
Sothebys.com Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine "64 Mexican incunables and counting | John Carter Brown Library". jcblibrary.org. Archived from...
single sheets, and images created before 1501 in Europe are known as incunables or incunabula. "A man born in 1453, the year of the fall of Constantinople...
ouvre une grande médiathèque sur le port in L'Express (in French) "Les incunables" (in French). Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg. 10...
entirely new field for conveying up-to-date information to the public. Incunable are surviving pre-16th century print works which are collected by many...
a 1947 Masco guitar amplifier that belonged to Hank Williams; a 1484 incunable illuminated book, which Rick wishes to purchase for himself, much to the...
educated woman and talented poet. In this woodcut, illustrating an early incunable of Boccaccio's De mulieribus claris, she is portrayed surrounded by books...
keeping a "trophy book". Books in Germany Canons of page construction Incunable Jikji List of most expensive books and manuscripts Niels Henry Sonne....
from the 15th century. Books printed before January 1, 1501, are called incunables. The spreading of book printing all over Europe occurred relatively quickly...
Britannica". 5 July 2023. "A Digital Catalogue of the Pre-1500 Manuscripts and Incunables of the Canterbury Tales Second Edition". Pearsall, 8. Cooper, 6–7 Pearsall...
Woodcut illustration of Berenice (or Laodice) of Cappadocia, from an incunable German translation by Heinrich Steinhöwel of Giovanni Boccaccio's De mulieribus...
Bible was still set in Textualis type, the oldest preserved Schwabacher incunable dates from 1472, and was printed in Augsburg. Schwabacher types appeared...
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