"Illiniwek" redirects here. For the former mascot/symbol of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, see Chief Illiniwek.
Illinois Confederation
Illiniwek
Engraving from drawing by General Georges-Henri-Victor Collot (1796)
Successor
Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
Formation
5
Type
Tribal alliance
Location
United States
Origins
Mississippi River Valley
Membership
Kaskaskia
Cahokia
Peoria
Tamaroa
Moingwena
Michigamea
Chepoussa
Chinkoa
Coiracoentanon
Espeminkia
Maroa
Tapouara
Official language
Miami-Illinois language
Main organ
Great Chief and lower peace chiefs and war chiefs
Painted hide with geometric motifs, attributed to the Illinois Confederacy by the French, pre-1800. Collections of the Musée du quai Branly.
The Illinois Confederation, also referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, were made up of 12 to 13 tribes who lived in the Mississippi River Valley. Eventually member tribes occupied an area reaching from Lake Michicigao (Michigan) to Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas. The five main tribes were the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa.[1] The spelling Illinois was derived from the transliteration by French explorers of iliniwe to the orthography of their own language.[2][3] The tribes are estimated to have had tens of thousands of members, before the advancement of European contact in the 17th century that inhibited their growth and resulted in a marked decline in population.[3]
The Illinois, like many Native American groups, sustained themselves through agriculture, hunting, and fishing.[4] A partially nomadic group, the Illinois often lived in longhouses and wigwams, according to the season and resources that were available to them in the surrounding land. While the men usually hunted, traded, or participated in war, the women cultivated and processed their crops, created tools and clothing from game, and preserved food in various ways for storage and travel.[5] Not officially a Confederation, the villages were led by one Great Chief. The villages had several chiefs who led each individual clan.[6] The Illinois people eventually declined because of losses to infectious disease and war, mostly brought through the arrival of French colonists.[7][4]
Eventually, they reorganized under the name of the Confederated Peoria. They are now known as the federally recognized "Peoria Tribe of Indians" and reside in present-day Oklahoma.[8]
^"Illinois-Miami Language (Myaamia, Maumee, Illini, Illiniwek, Peoria)". www.native-languages.org. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
^ abRogers, Gerald A. (2009). The changing Illinois Indians under European Influence: The Split Between the Kaskaskia and Peoria. West Virginia University.
The IllinoisConfederation, also referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, were made up of 12 to 13 tribes who lived in the Mississippi River Valley. Eventually...
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attacked the tribes of the IllinoisConfederation ("Illinois/Inoca") (Mashkotêwa) and tried to invade their tribal areas. The "Illinois/Inoca" became their worst...
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