Ilex rotunda, commonly called the Kurogane holly,[2] is an evergreen tree in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It is native to east Asia, where it is found in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam.[3] Its natural habitat is in evergreen broadleaf forests, often in sunny areas such forest edges or on mountain slopes.[4][5]
It has spineless leathery leaves and clusters of bright-red berries. It reaches 18 m at maturity (although 20 m is also reported).[2] The tree blooms from May to June,[3] and the seeds become ripe from October to December.[2] The plants are dioecious.[2] The fruits contain flavonols.[6]
Kurogane holly was first described in 1784 by Carl Peter Thunberg, from species growing in Japan.
In Japan, it is commonly planted garden and street tree.[3] It was first introduced to gardens of the New World through collections sent by Robert Fortune. In Japan, kurogane holly is one of the hibakujumoku trees. It is also the official tree of several Japanese municipalities.
Mature flowers
^Ye, J.; Qin, H.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Ilex rotunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147378579A147613837. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
^ abcd"Ilex rotunda - Thunb". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
^ abcIlex rotunda (in Japanese), Flora of Mikawa
^Ilex rotunda Flora of China
^Ilex rotunda (in Japanese), Okayama University Plant Ecology Laboratory
^Jean-Jacques Macheix; Annie Fleuriet (1990). Fruit Phenolics. CRC Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-8493-4968-0.
Ilexrotunda, commonly called the Kurogane holly, is an evergreen tree in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). It is native to east Asia, where it is found...
"Carbon Reduction Services of Evergreen Broadleaved Landscape Trees for Ilexrotunda and Machilus thunbergii in Southern Korea". Journal of Forest and Environmental...
Oleander Nerium indicum Japanese spindle Euonymus japonicus Kurogane holly Ilexrotunda Japanese aralia Fatsia japonica Nettle tree Celtis sinensis var. japonica...
acorns, pine nuts and other conifer seeds, Kurogane mochi or (Ilexrotunda), mochi-no-ki (Ilex Integra), Sazanqua Camellia sasanqua, Tsubaki Camellia japonica...
the body at an angle to it. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Ilexrotunda in Japan. "CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience - Sphingidae". Cate-sphingidae...
wild birds be planted, such as Pyracantha, Idesia, Ardisia japonica, Ilexrotunda, Ilex serrata and Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum. According to Tanaka...
Chang and Yang (1998) Hydrangea chinensis Unknown Ann et al. (1999) Ilexrotunda (kurogane holly) Aquifoliaceae Unknown Sahashi et al. (2007) Inocarpus...
grandiflora), Japanese evergreen oak (Castanopsis delavayi), lord's holly (Ilexrotunda), Oliver maple (Acer oliverianum), Chinese pistachio (Pistacia chinensis)...
conservatory (later Cuningham House) opened. 1926 Bandsmen's Memorial Rotunda officially opened 1932 Robert McDougall Art Gallery opened 1938 Cockayne...
Global Information
Mature flowers