Atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of ice on aircraft surfaces
Ice accumulated and partially removed on the wing of a Beechcraft King Air
In aviation, icing conditions are atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of water ice on an aircraft. Ice accretion and accumulation can affect the external surfaces of an aircraft – in which case it is referred to as airframe icing[1] – or the engine, resulting in carburetor icing, air inlet icing or more generically engine icing.[2] These phenomena may possibly but do not necessarily occur together. Both airframe and engine icing have resulted in numerous fatal accidents in aviation history.
Not all aircraft, especially general aviation aircraft, are certified for flight into known icing (FIKI) – that is flying into areas with icing conditions certain or likely to exist, based on pilot reports, observations, and forecasts.[3] In order to be FIKI-certified, aircraft must be fitted with suitable ice protection systems to prevent accidents by icing.
^Wadel, Mary (3 August 2017). "Airframe Icing". NASA Glenn Research Center. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
^Wadel, Mary (31 July 2017). "Engine Icing". NASA Glenn Research Center. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
^Yodice, John S. (1 August 2005). "The law on 'known icing'". Vol. 48, no. 8. AOPA Pilot Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2013. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
In aviation, icingconditions are atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of water ice on an aircraft. Ice accretion and accumulation can...
October 31, 1994, the ATR 72 performing this route flew into severe icingconditions, lost control and crashed into a field. All 68 people aboard were killed...
Look up icing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Icing may refer to: Atmospheric icing, when water droplets freeze on objects they contact Icing (nautical)...
same as freezing rain, which is caused directly by precipitation. Icingconditions can be particularly dangerous to aircraft, as the built-up ice changes...
weather and icing on aircraft wings. The use of deicing boots may enable an aircraft to be certified for flight into known icingconditions. However, they...
redundancy, especially for aircraft certified for flight into known icingconditions, with additional mechanical pumps for the windshield. Fluid is forced...
on the aircraft's wings and windshield. Two other aircraft reported icingconditions around the time of the crash. The last radio transmission from the...
for icingconditions. Some of these originated with the Federal Aviation Administration's failure to specify suitable minimum airspeeds for icing conditions...
interrupted and provided a check list to be used if icingconditions were experienced with the icing protection system not turned on. Following the check...
Makkonen, Lasse; Lehtonen, Pertti; Helle, Lauri (2001). "Anemometry in IcingConditions". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 18 (9): 1457. Bibcode:2001JAtOT...
another F-28 that crashed due to icing and pilot errors. Aircraft Accident Report, Takeoff Stall in IcingConditions, USAir Flight 405, Fokker F-28, N485US...
are used in roadways in cold weather climates to help determine if icingconditions exist. Indoors, thermistors are used in climate control systems such...
heat? CAM-1 On. CAM-2 Engine anti-ice? CAM-1 Off. : 107 Despite the icingconditions with weather temperature of about 24 °F (−4 °C), the crew failed to...
increase is noted. Again, the pilot will note this as evidence that icingconditions are present. However, more than one pilot,[by whom?] when confronted...
on board, 78 were killed. The official investigation concluded that icingconditions and incorrect engine management by the crew led to a double engine...
Air data boom Altimeter Annubar Atmospheric icing Calibrated airspeed Deicing Gyrocompass Icingconditions Kiel probe Piezometer Position error True airspeed...
the instrument panel. Cirrus completed testing for flight into known icingconditions (FIKI) on 12 January 2009. The equipment change involved installing...
management. The GE9X conducted icing tests in Winter 2017. The FETT was used for ground cold weather testing in natural icingconditions such as ground fog; minor...
a Japan Airlines 787 had an inflight shutdown after flying through icingconditions, caused by ice formed on fan blades and ingested: the blades moved...
DC-9-15RC operating the flight crashed on takeoff from Cleveland during icingconditions. Both pilots, the aircraft's only occupants, were killed. The National...
electrically-heated windshield for DHC-6s certified to be flown in icingconditions after that date. For their work in flying the aircraft to a successful...
powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120s. It has deicing boots to fly in icingconditions and a retractable landing gear in fairings under the fuselage, with...
Thales-built "–AA" models known to record faulty airspeed data during icingconditions. In July 2009, Airbus advised A330 and A340 operators to replace Thales...
September 8, 2006. Cessna received FAA certification to fly into "known icingconditions" on November 9, 2006. Cessna delivered the first production LJ on November...
with passengers and footage from the investigation hearing. Atmospheric icing Ice protection system Maclean's: Pointing the finger. Vol. 105. Rogers Publishing...
is lowered below a certain point. When icingconditions are present, carburetor heat is required to prevent icing around the butterfly valve from the pressure...
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