IC 342 (also known as Caldwell 5) is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis, located relatively close to the Milky Way. Despite its size and actual brightness, its location behind dusty areas near the galactic equator makes it difficult to observe, leading to the nickname "The Hidden Galaxy",[4][1] though it can readily be detected even with binoculars.[5] If the galaxy were not obscured, it would be visible by naked eye. The dust makes it difficult to determine its precise distance; modern estimates range from about 7 million light-years (Mly)[6] to about 11 Mly.[2] The galaxy was discovered by William Frederick Denning in 1892.[7] It is one of the brightest in the IC 342/Maffei Group, one of the closest galaxy groups to the Local Group. Edwin Hubble first thought it to be in the Local Group, but it was later determined not to be a member.[8]
In 1935, Harlow Shapley found that it was wider than the full moon, and by angular size the third-largest spiral galaxy then known, smaller only than the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and the Triangulum Galaxy (M33).[9] (Modern estimates are more conservative, giving the apparent size as one-half to two-thirds the diameter of the full moon).[1][5]
It has an H II nucleus. The galaxy has a diameter of 75,000 light-years.[10] In 2020, the galaxy KKH 32 was identified as the first known satellite of IC 342 that is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Unlike galaxies with large bulges such as the Andromeda Galaxy, IC 342 has relatively few dwarf satellite galaxies. KKH 32 is located about 10.2 million light-years (3.12 megaparsecs) away, and has a diameter of about 4,300 light-years (1.32 kiloparsecs).[11]
Hubble Space Telescope image of the central region of IC 342, showing the central star cluster and surrounding dust lanes.[4]
^ abcdefghi"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for IC 342. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
^ abI. D. Karachentsev; V. E. Karachentseva; W. K. Hutchmeier; D. I. Makarov (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
^Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics. 49 (1): 3–18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6. S2CID 120973010.
^ ab"Hubble's Hidden Galaxy". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
^ abO'Meara, Stephen James (2002). The Caldwell Objects. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 0-933346-97-2.
^Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (22 December 2010). "Hidden Galaxy IC 342". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^Denning, W. F. (1893). "New nebula". Astronomy and Astro-Physics. 12: 189. Bibcode:1893AstAp..12..189D.
^SEDS IC 342. Archived January 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
^Border Cities Star (Windsor, Ontario), "Spiral Galaxy Third Biggest", 24 June 1935, p.8
^
Ho, Luis C.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Sargent, Wallace L. W. (1997). "A Search for 'Dwarf' Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 112 (2): 315–390. arXiv:astro-ph/9704107. Bibcode:1997ApJS..112..315H. doi:10.1086/313041. S2CID 17086638.
^Karachentsev, Igor D.; Makarova, Lidia N.; Tully, R. Brent; Anand, Gagandeep S.; Rizzi, Luca; Shaya, Edward J.; Afanasiev, Viktor L. (2020). "KKH 22, the first dwarf spheroidal satellite of IC 342". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A111. arXiv:2005.03132. Bibcode:2020A&A...638A.111K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037993. S2CID 218538458.
IC342 (also known as Caldwell 5) is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis, located relatively close to the Milky Way. Despite...
Afanasiev, Viktor L. (2020). "KKH 22, the first dwarf spheroidal satellite of IC342". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 638: A111. arXiv:2005.03132. Bibcode:2020A&A...
Milky Way and approximately 100,000 other nearby galaxies. Galaxy cluster IC342/Maffei Group, possibly the group of galaxies nearest to the Local Group...
smaller satellite galaxies – Dwingeloo 2 and MB 3 – and is a member of the IC342/Maffei Group of galaxies. The Dwingeloo 1 galaxy was discovered in 1994...
stars in it (a small telescopic constellation). IC342 is one of the brightest two galaxies in the IC342/Maffei Group of galaxies. The dwarf irregular...
of the Local Group, they are now known to belong to their own group- the IC342/Maffei Group. This complex is the eastern neighbor of IC1805 (Heart Nebula)...
Local Group of galaxies, it is now known to belong to a separate group, the IC342/Maffei Group. It was named after Paolo Maffei, who discovered it and the...
outflow in the region. Extragalactic ammonia was imaged using the VLA in IC342. The hot gas has temperatures above 70 K, which was inferred from ammonia...
light-years farther than previously thought, meaning it is a member of the IC342 group of galaxies. NGC 1569 is smaller than the Small Magellanic Cloud,...
became clear that it was located in the IC342/Maffei Group. UGCA 86 is thought to be a satellite galaxy of IC342, however the separation between the two...
discovery of Dwingeloo 1. Dwingeloo 2 is thought to be a member of the IC342/Maffei Group, a galaxy group adjacent to the Local Group. The galaxy recedes...
away from the Earth. It was discovered during an optical survey of the IC342/Maffei group to which the galaxy is a member. MB3 is a companion galaxy...
NGC 1560, also known as IC 2062, is an 11th-magnitude spiral galaxy, in the IC342/Maffei Group. It was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel on August 1, 1883...
Group, but it is now thought to be a member of another nearby group, the IC342/Maffei Group, the galaxy group that is the closest to the Local Group. Dwingeloo...
(disambiguation) Nokia C5 (disambiguation), a series of smartphones Caldwell 5 (IC342), an intermediate spiral galaxy in Camelopardalis Concrete5, an open source...
large amounts of dust from the two supernovae SN 2004et and SN 2017eaw IC342 – similar galaxy heavily obscured by Milky Way stars and dust. List of galaxies...
(NGC 6087) as NGC 6067 and incorrectly labelled the Lambda Centauri Cluster (IC 2944) as the Gamma Centauri Cluster. The Caldwell Catalogue has generated...
in Spain. It was observed via its J = 1→0 transition at 90.7 GHz toward IC342. A number of detections have been made towards the end of confirming the...
•CN in extragalactic sources were seen toward Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253), IC342, and M82 In 1988. These emission lines seen were from N = 1 to N = 0 and...
Catalogues (abbreviated IC), describing a further 5,386 astronomical objects. Thousands of these objects are best known by their NGC or IC numbers, which remain...
White, P. M.; Bothun, G. (2003). "The Intrinsic Structure and Color of IC342 from CCD Observations". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the...
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