The ACS-1 and ACS-360 are two related supercomputers designed by IBM as part of the Advanced Computing Systems project from 1961 to 1969. Although the designs were never finished and no models ever went into production, the project spawned a number of organizational techniques and architectural innovations that have since become incorporated into nearly all high-performance computers in existence today. Many of the ideas resulting from the project directly influenced the development of the IBM RS/6000 and, more recently, have contributed to the Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) computing paradigm used by Intel and HP in the Itanium processors.
After the ACS project folded, the engineers were given to choice to rejoin other divisions of IBM. Many declined as it would require them to return to the east coast from California. Many of these went on to form MASCOR, Multi Access System Corp, in 1970. This was short-lived as they were unable to raise capital. Gene Amdahl took the opportunity to start his own company, building IBM-compatible mainframe computers using the ECL designs worked on for ASC. Amdahl Corporation's 470V/6 were both faster and less expensive than IBM's own high-end designs.
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