Abnormal increase in muscle tone due to nerve damage
This article is about increased activity and resistance in muscles. For increased blood pressure, see Hypertension. For the genre of fast music, see Hypertone.
Not to be confused with muscular hypertrophy.
Medical condition
Hypertonia
Specialty
Neurology
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely upper motor neuron lesions.[1] Impaired ability of damaged motor neurons to regulate descending pathways gives rise to disordered spinal reflexes, increased excitability of muscle spindles, and decreased synaptic inhibition.[2] These consequences result in abnormally increased muscle tone of symptomatic muscles.[3] Some authors suggest that the current definition for spasticity, the velocity-dependent over-activity of the stretch reflex, is not sufficient as it fails to take into account patients exhibiting increased muscle tone in the absence of stretch reflex over-activity. They instead suggest that "reversible hypertonia" is more appropriate and represents a treatable condition that is responsive to various therapy modalities like drug or physical therapy.[4]
^"hmypertonia". Archived from the original on 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2012-12-17.[full citation needed][dead link]
^O'Sullivan, Susan (2007). Physical Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: F.A Davis Company. p. 234. ISBN 9780803612471.
^Sheean, Geoffrey; McGuire, John R. (2009). "Spastic Hypertonia and Movement Disorders: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Quantification". PM&R. 1 (9): 827–33. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.08.002. PMID 19769916. S2CID 30715890.
^Bakheit, A.M.; Fheodoroff, K.; Molteni, F. (2011). "Spasticity or Reversible Muscle Hypertonia?". Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 43 (6): 556–7. doi:10.2340/16501977-0817. PMID 21491075.
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely...
with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness...
can result in abnormally low (hypotonia) or high (hypertonia) muscle tone. Another form of hypertonia is paratonia, which is associated with dementia....
Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that render them incapable of safely running or pedalling...
performed on children with cerebral palsy. These children often have hypertonia of the adductor muscles, making abduction difficult, obstructing normal...
shutdown, coma and death. Additional effects are delirium, convulsions, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, vomiting, kidney failure, coma, and death through cardiac...
responses to tactile or acoustic stimuli and an ensuing period of hypertonia. The hypertonia may be predominantly truncal, attenuated during sleep, or less...
drug. Acute overdosage may be manifested by somnolence, tachycardia, and hypertonia. Plasma, serum, or blood concentrations of pregabalin may be measured...
imperfecta) Hypertonia – Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result...
symptoms involving of abnormal sleep patterns, poor feeding, tremors, and hypertonia. This withdrawal syndrome is relatively mild and only requires medical...
structures. Hypertonia - Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result...
ophthalmoplegia Spastic paresis – exaggerated tendon reflexes and muscle hypertonia In the past, the term was most commonly used to refer to "general paresis"...
causes tonic-clonic movements (greater than 10% of people) and rarely hypertonia. Vomiting can be expected in 5–15% of the patients; pretreatment with...
inhibits the vicious circle of myotonia by decreasing pain, ischaemia, and hypertonia in skeletal muscles, thus alleviating stiffness and spasticity, and facilitating...
often presents with spastic paralysis – paralysis accompanied by severe hypertonia. Muscle paresis or paralysis Fibrillations Fasciculations – caused by...
impairments, perceptual disturbances, itching, anxiety, depersonalization, hypertonia, hyperthermia (higher than normal temperature without infection), formal...
opisthotonic infants. An abnormal Landau reflex may indicate hypotonia or hypertonia and may indicate a motor development issue. Mitchell, Ross G. (2008)....
unconsciousness, and sudden death. Other reactions may include hyperreflexia, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, and extensor-plantar reflexes. Atypically and/or rarely...
as late as 21 days for chlordiazepoxide. The symptoms include tremors, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, hyperactivity, and vomiting and may last for up to three...
sensorimotor development. After stroke or spinal cord injury in humans, spastic hypertonia (spastic paralysis) often develops, whereby the stretch reflex in flexor...
encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. DCP is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle...
night is hot') "Vehi mis sa vehid" ('wave all you want') "Hüpertoonia" ('hypertonia') "Must meel" ('black mind' ~ frustration) "Selle ilma mured" ('the worries...
dystonia was then fully recognized. Medicine portal Extrapyramidal symptoms Hypertonia Sydenham's chorea Ulegyria (brain condition with dystonia symptoms) "Dystonia"...
motor neuron lesion. This gait pattern is reminiscent of a marionette. Hypertonia in the legs, hips and pelvis means these areas become flexed to various...
increased focal neurologic signs. These neurologic signs include athetosis, hypertonia, spasticity, and opisthotonus that lead to convulsions and coma. If MSUD...
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