Hymenaea verrucosa (Zanzibar copal, East African copal, or amber tree) is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the paraphyletic[citation needed] subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is a large tree native to the tropical regions of East Africa and is cultivated in many tropical parts of the world.[2] The species is currently treated as a species of Hymenaea, though a few authors isolate it into a separate monospecific genus Trachylobium as Trachylobium verrucosum.[3]
Copal resin from Hymenaea verrucosa (Fabaceae) is found in East Africa and is used in incense. By the 18th century, Europeans found it to be a valuable ingredient in making a good wood varnish. It became widely used in the manufacture of furniture and carriages. It was also sometimes used as a picture varnish.[4] By the late 19th and early 20th century varnish manufacturers in England and America were using it on train carriages, greatly swelling its demand. In 1859 Americans consumed 68 percent of the East African trade, which was controlled through the Sultan of Zanzibar, with Germany receiving 24 percent. The American Civil War and the creation of the Suez Canal led to Germany, India and Hong Kong taking the majority by the end of that century.[5]
^"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 26 December 2014.
^George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, HI, USA.
^Gwilym Lewis, Brian Schrire, Barbara MacKinder, and Mike Lock. 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Richmond, England.
and 20 Related for: Hymenaea verrucosa information
Hymenaeaverrucosa (Zanzibar copal, East African copal, or amber tree) is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the...
native to the tropics of the Americas, with one additional species (Hymenaeaverrucosa) on the east coast of Africa. Some authors place the African species...
arthropods (mainly insects and spiders) living around the resinous tree Hymenaeaverrucosa in the lowland coastal forest of Madagascar and trapped by the resin...
coeval extinct species Hymenaea mexicana and Hymenaea protera which are placed closer to the living species Hymenaeaverrucosa of Africa, H. allendis...
Mexico. It is one of two extinct Hymenaea species placed close to the living species Hymenaeaverrucosa and along with Hymenaea allendis, is one of the two...
getting tacky with a drop of acetone or chloroform. Copal resin from Hymenaeaverrucosa (Fabaceae) is found in East Africa and is used in incense. East Africa...
Madagascar, where it has existed since the Upper Pleistocene. It feeds on Hymenaeaverrucosa. BioLib.cz - Batrachorhina lateritia. Retrieved on 8 September 2014...
Madagascar, where it has existed since the Upper Pleistocene. It feeds on Hymenaeaverrucosa. It contains the varietas Batrachorhina nervulata var. drappieri....
America Hymenaea courbaril, also called Brazilian copal tree, a tree common in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America Hymenaeaverrucosa, also...
ISBN 9780857459091. Fuller, Dorian; et al. "Use of Zanzibar copal (Hymenaeaverrucosa Gaertn.) as incense at Unguja Ukuu, Tanzania in the 7–8th century...
Othman; Matheson, Carney D. (2015-01-01). "Use of Zanzibar copal (Hymenaeaverrucosa Gaertn.) as incense at Unguja Ukuu, Tanzania in the 7–8th century...
holotype. The single, adult male individual is preserved in a clear Hymenaeaverrucosa copal specimen. The copal measures 70×20×12 millimetres (2.76×0.79×0...
Global Information
