Chemical structure of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze)
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are unsaturated organic compounds composed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon. These organofluorine compounds are of interest as refrigerants. Unlike traditional hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are saturated, HFOs are olefins, otherwise known as alkenes.
HFO refrigerants are categorized as having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP) and so offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to CFC, HCFC, and HFC refrigerants. Compared to HCFCs and HFCs, HFOs have shorter tropospheric lifetimes due to the reactivity of the C=C bond with hydroxyl radicals and chlorine radicals.[1] This quick reactivity prevents them from reaching the stratosphere and participating in the depletion of good ozone, leading to strong interest in the development and characterization of new HFO blends for use as refrigerants.[2] Many refrigerants in the HFO class are inherently stable chemically and inert, non toxic, and non-flammable or mildly flammable. Many HFOs have the proper freezing and boiling points to be useful for refrigeration at common temperatures. They have also been adopted as blowing agents, i.e. in production of insulation foams, food industry, construction materials, and others. However, HFOs degrade to produce trifluoroacetic acid, a persistent toxic chemical which can lead to acidification of water bodies, and which can accumulate in wetlands, a sensitive ecosystem.[3]
HFOs are being developed as "fourth generation" refrigerants with 0.1% of the GWP of HFCs.[4][5][6]
^Cynthia B. Rivela; Carmen M. Tovar; Mariano A. Teruel; Ian Barnes; Peter Wiesen; María B. Blanco (2019). "CFCs replacements: Reactivity and atmospheric lifetimes of a series of Hydrofluoroolefins towards OH radicals and Cl atoms". Chemical Physics Letters. 714: 190–196. Bibcode:2019CPL...714..190R. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.078. S2CID 106382701.
^Wael A. Fouad; Lourdes F. Vega (2018). "Next generation of low global warming potential refrigerants: Thermodynamic properties molecular modeling". AIChE J. 64: 250–262. doi:10.1002/aic.15859.
^Toit, Louise du (2023-12-01), "Strengthening the Global Regulation of Hydrofluorocarbons under the Montreal Protocol", Reducing Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants, Brill Nijhoff, pp. 90–124, ISBN 978-90-04-68408-9, retrieved 2024-04-25
^Pizzetti, Marianna; Petricci, Elena (May 2012). "Heterogeneous Catalysis Under Microwave Heating" (PDF). La Chimica & l'Industria. 4. Società Chimica Italiana: 78–81.
^HFO, i nuovi gas refirgerant
^Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, European Fluorocarbons Technical Committee
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are unsaturated organic compounds composed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon. These organofluorine compounds are of interest as...
3-heptafluoropropane) or combinations of the two. More recently, liquid hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) propellants have become more widely adopted in aerosol systems...
2010s, led to the adoption in new equipment of Hydrocarbon and HFO (hydrofluoroolefin) refrigerants R-32, R-290, R-600a, R-454B, R-1234yf, R-514A, R-744...
may refer to: HealthForceOntario Heavy fuel oil Hybrid fibre-optic Hydrofluoroolefin, a refrigerant Hydrous ferric oxides Hypofluorous acid Halbleiterwerk...
The main HFC is R-134a with a new type of molecule HFO-1234yf, a Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) coming to prominence owing to its global warming potential of...
replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) including R-410A,R-134a and R-1234yf. As in simpler alkanes...
3-heptafluoropropane) or combinations of the two. More recently, liquid hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) propellants have become more widely adopted in aerosol systems...
C HCFO Hydrochlorofluoroolefin HFC Hydrofluorocarbon H, F, C HFO Hydrofluoroolefin HCC Hydrochlorocarbon H, Cl, C HCO Hydrochloroolefin HC Hydrocarbon...
3-heptafluoropropane) or combinations of the two. More recently, liquid hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) propellants have become more widely adopted in aerosol systems...
dehydrofluorinations are employed in the production of fluoroolefins and hydrofluoroolefins. One example is the preparation of 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene from...
potent gases. For some applications more benign alternatives such as hydrofluoroolefins have been developed and are being gradually introduced. Since the...
spray foam suppliers have started supplying spray foam blown with hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) blowing agents without this problem as of early 2017. In 2002...
of PFOA to humans are under investigation by the C8 Science Panel. Hydrofluoroolefin Kirsch, Peer Modern fluoroorganic chemistry: synthesis, reactivity...
ether hydrofluorocarbon propellants (HFCs) such as 1,1-difluoroethane hydrofluoroolefin propellants (HFOs) such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HFOs have recently...
almost all fourth-generation synthetic refrigerants, also called hydrofluoroolefins (HFO), such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.[citation needed] Trifluoroacetic...
Trifluoroethylene (abbreviated as TrFE) is an organofluoride compound with the chemical formula C2HF3. It is a colourless gas. TrFE can polymerise to form...
Tetrafluoropropene, also called tetrafluoropropylene, has the following isomers: 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yc) 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234zc)...
community used the SAE metric to choose next-generation refrigerant hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-1234yf (ozone safe; GWP<1) to replace hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a...
leader for the research group at DuPont that developed HFO-1234yf, a hydrofluoroolefin that can reduce emissions from automotive air conditioning by more...
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