In botanical nomenclature, a hybrid may be given a hybrid name, which is a special kind of botanical name, but there is no requirement that a hybrid name should be created for plants that are believed to be of hybrid origin.[1] The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) provides the following options in dealing with a hybrid:[2]
A hybrid may get a name if the author considers it necessary (in practice, authors tend to use this option for naturally occurring hybrids), but it is recommended to use parents' names as they are more informative (art. H.10B.1).
A hybrid may also be indicated by a formula listing the parents. Such a formula uses the multiplication sign "×" to link the parents.
"It is usually preferable to place the names or epithets in a formula in alphabetical order. The direction of a cross may be indicated by including the sexual symbols (♀: female; ♂: male) in the formula, or by placing the female parent first. If a non-alphabetical sequence is used, its basis should be clearly indicated." (H.2A.1)
Grex names can be given to orchid hybrids.[3]
A hybrid name is treated like other botanical names, for most purposes, but differs in that:[2]
A hybrid name does not necessarily refer to a morphologically distinctive group, but applies to all progeny of the parents, no matter how much they vary.
E.g., Magnolia × soulangeana applies to all progeny from the cross Magnolia denudata × Magnolia liliiflora, and from the crosses of all their progeny, as well as from crosses of any of the progeny back to the parents (backcrossing). This covers quite a range in flower colour.
Grex names (for orchids only) differ in that they do not cover crosses from plants within the grex (F2 hybrids) or back-crosses (crosses between a grex member and its parent).
Hybrids can be named with ranks, like other organisms covered by the ICNafp. They are nothotaxa, from notho- (hybrid) + taxon. If the parents (or postulated parents) differ in rank, then the rank of the nothotaxon is the lowest.[4] The names of nothospecies differ depending on whether they are derived from species within the same genus; if more than one parental genus is involved, then the nothospecies name includes a nothogenus name.
Pyrus × bretschneideri is a hybrid between two species in the genus Pyrus.
× Pyraria irregularis, in the nothogenus Pyraria, is a hybrid between Aria edulis and Pyrus communis.[5]
^(McNeill et al. 2012, Article H.3, Note 1)
^ ab(McNeill et al. 2012, Articles H.1 to H.12)
^Brickell, C.D.; Alexander, C.; David, J.C.; Hetterscheid, W.L.A.; Leslie, A.C.; Malecot, V.; Jin, X.; Cubey, J.J. (2009), International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code) incorporating the Rules and Recommendations for naming plants in cultivation, Eighth Edition, Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants(PDF), International Association for Plant Taxonomy and International Society for Horticultural Science
^(McNeill et al. 2012, Article H.5)
^"× Pyraria irregularis (Münchh.) Sennikov & Kurtto". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
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