This article is about human rights in Iran. For more details on human rights in post-revolutionary Iran, see Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For more details on human rights under the Pahlavi dynasty, see Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran.
Politics of Iran
Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
Leadership
Supreme Leader
Ali Khamenei
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
Assembly of Experts
Chairman: Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani
Executive
President (list)
Mohammad Mokhber (acting)
First Vice President (list)
Mohammad Mokhber
Supervisor of Presidential Administration
Gholam-Hossein Esmaeili
Cabinet
Government of Raisi
Legislative
Islamic Consultative Assembly
Speaker: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
Supreme Audit Court
Guardian Council
Chairman: Ahmad Jannati
Judicial
Chief Justice
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i
Attorney General
Mohammad Movahedi-Azad
Supreme Court
Islamic Revolutionary Court
Special Clerical Court
General Inspection Office
High Council for Human rights
Ministry of Justice
Supreme Councils
Supreme National Security Council
Secretary: Ali Akbar Ahmadian
Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
Expediency Discernment Council
Chairman: Sadeq Larijani
Local governments
Municipality
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City Council
Elections
Election Office
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Recent and future elections
Presidential:
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Legislative:
2020
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Experts:
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Local:
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Political parties and factions
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Monarchism
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Intellectual backdrop
Anti-capitalism
Hossein Borujerdi
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Islamic Government
Ruhollah Khomeini
Propaganda in Iran
Ali Shariati
Sayyid Qutb
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Ali Bagheri (acting)
Diplomatic missions of / in Iran
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
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Taxation in Iran
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From the Imperial Pahlavi dynasty (1925 to 1979), through the Islamic Revolution (1979), to the era of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979 to current), government treatment of Iranian citizens' rights has been criticized by Iranians, international human rights activists, writers, and NGOs. While the monarchy under the rule of the shahs was widely attacked by most Western watchdog organizations for having an abysmal human rights record, the government of the Islamic Republic which succeeded it is considered still worse by many.[1]
The Pahlavi dynasty—Reza Shah Pahlavi and his son Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi—has sometimes been described as a "royal dictatorship",[2] or "one man rule",[3] and employed secret police, torture, and executions to stifle political dissent. During Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's reign, estimates of the number of political prisoners executed vary from less than 100[1] to 300.
Under the Islamic Republic, the prison system was centralized and drastically expanded; in one early period (1981–1985), more than 7900 people were executed.[1] The Islamic Republic has been criticized both for restrictions and punishments that follow the Islamic Republic's constitution and law, but not international human rights norms (harsh penalties for crimes, punishment of victimless crimes, restrictions on freedom of speech and the press, restrictions on freedom of religion, etc.); and for "extrajudicial" actions that follow neither, such as firebombings of newspaper offices, and beatings, torture, rape, and killing without trial of political prisoners and dissidents/civilians.[4][5]
^ abcCite error: The named reference Abrahamian-1983-85 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Pahlavi royal dictatorship - Google Search". www.google.com.
^Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopedia of the World of Islam By (ed.) Gholamali Haddad Adel, Mohammad Jafar Elmi, Hassan Taromi-Rad, p.15
^Ehsan Zarrokh (Ehsan and Gaeini, M. Rahman). "Iranian Legal System and Human Rights Protection" The Islamic Law and Law of the Muslim World e-journal, New York law school 3.2 (2009).
^"Rights Crisis Escalates Faces and Cases from Ahmadinejad's Crackdown, 20 September 2008". Iranhumanrights.org. 20 September 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
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