War crime committed during the 1947–1949 Palestine war
For the massacres in Syria and Kenya, see Houla massacre and Hola massacre.
Hula massacre
Part of 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Operation Hiram
Location
Hula, Lebanon
Date
31 October–1 November 1948
Attack type
Massacre
Deaths
34–58 Lebanese civilians[1][2][3]
Perpetrators
Israel Defense Forces
Shmuel Lahis
The Hula massacre took place between 31 October and 1 November 1948 in Hula, a village in Lebanon 3 km west of Kibbutz Manara, not far from the Litani River. It was captured on October 24 by the Carmeli Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces without any resistance. The women and children were expelled, most of the men aged between 15 and 60 were shot. In total between 35 and 58 men were executed in a house which was later blown up on top of them.[4]
Two officers were responsible for the massacre. One of them, First Lieutenant Shmuel Lahis, who served as company commander, was tried for murder by an Israeli military court, found guilty, and sentenced to 7 years in prison. His sentence was reduced to one year on appeal, and he was released from prison in 1950. Lahis received a retrospective presidential amnesty in 1955. He became a lawyer, and later director general of the Jewish Agency. Some Israelis opposed this appointment because of his involvement in the Hula massacre. Lahis died in 2019, at the age of 93.[5][6]
At his trial, Lahis put forth the defence that the crime had been committed outside the borders of Israel. The military court rejected this defence but gave Lahis a postponement so that he could appeal this point to the High Court of Justice. In the same HCJ case, the Israeli government argued that the HCJ did not have the right to interpret military law. In February 1949, the HCJ rejected both the claim of Lahis and the claim of the government, allowing the trial to continue.[7]
^Israeli Who Commanded Massacre of Dozens of Arab Captives in 1948 Dies at 93 Haaretz, 15 March 2019
^الصحناوي, نقولا (2020-05-11). المستقبل لنا إذا ... - نقولا الصحناوي - كتب Google. Al Manhal. ISBN 9796500027050. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
^"الملف الأسود للإرهاب الصهیونی خلال ستین عاما 1936- 1996م - موقع مجلات نور التخصصية". 2020-05-11. Archived from the original on 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
^ Tveit, Odd Karsten (2010) Goodbye Lebanon. Israel's First Defeat. Rimal Publication. Translated by Peter Scott-Hansen. ISBN 978-9963-715-03-9. p.368. Quoting General Dov Yermiya.
^(Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. VII, no. 4 (summer 1978), no. 28, pp. 143)
^Ofer Aderet (March 15, 2019). "Israeli Who Commanded Massacre of Dozens of Arab Captives in 1948 Dies at 93". Haaretz.
^Verdict from The Israeli High Court of Justice, Feb. 2, 1949; the written judgement was not provided until 1959: Shmuel Lahisse versus The Minister of Defense and others, HCJ 27/48. [1] Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
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