Soviet campaign against gender inequality in Central Asia
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Hujum (Russian: ХуджумKhudžum[xʊd͡ʐʐʊm]; Arabic: هجوم, transl. 'onslaught') refers to a broad campaign undertaken by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to remove all manifestations of gender inequality within the Union Republics of Central Asia. Beginning in the Stalinist era, it particularly targeted prevalent practices among Muslims, such as female seclusion from society and female veiling practices.[1] While it was often symbolized by the burning of the veils that Muslim women wore, the removal of veiling practices was not the campaign's sole goal. The Party began re-emphasizing their message of women's liberation within class consciousness. By abolishing Central Asian societal norms and heralding in women's liberation, the Soviets believed they could clear the way for the construction of socialism. The campaign's purpose was to rapidly change the lives of women in Muslim societies so that they would be able to actively participate in public life, formal employment, education, and ultimately membership in the Communist Party. It was originally conceived to enforce laws that gave equality to women in patriarchal societies by creating literacy programs and bringing women into the workforce.
The campaign was initiated on International Women's Day; 8 March 1927. It was a change from the earlier policies that were in place under the Bolsheviks, who prioritized unrestricted religious freedom for Central Asians.[2] In contrast to how it was presented to the populace, Hujum was seen by Muslims as a campaign through which outsiders (i.e., Slavs) sought to force their cultural values onto the indigenous Turkic populations. Thus, the veil inadvertently became a marker of cultural identity;[2] wearing it became an act of pro-Islamic political defiance as well as a sign of support for ethnic nationalism.[2] However, over time, the campaign was a success: the rate of female literacy increased, while polygamy, honour killings, child marriages, and veiling diminished. Paranjas were rare by the 1950s in Soviet Central Asia and the same happened in Afghanistan by the 1960s (although they became popular again in Afghanistan after the fall of the communist secular government in the 1980s and the rise of Islamists).[3][4]
^Northrop (2001a), p. 115.
^ abcThe Bolsheviks and Islam, International Socialism – Issue: 110
^Abdullaev, Kamoludin (2018-08-10). Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0252-7.
^Ubiria, Grigol (2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-1-317-50435-1.
Hujum (Russian: Худжум Khudžum [xʊd͡ʐʐʊm]; Arabic: هجوم, transl. 'onslaught') refers to a broad campaign undertaken by the Communist Party of the Soviet...
ban the veil and the paranja. The unveiling by the Soviets was called the hujum in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR). As the Soviet Communists secured...
away from home, and would put on their veil again on the way home. The Hujum began in 1926, the veil acting as a stark contrast between the ‘primitive’...
from the "patrarchal" and "outdated" practice of wearing veils, known as Hujum, gained track, and in the 20s and early 30s, public abandonments and burnings...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
initially started in 1908 in Baku by liberal bourgeoisie well before the Soviet Hujum in 1927. However, the anti-veil protests were suppressed by Islamic clergy...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Muslim oppression against women; Stalin's policies led to the initiation of Hujum, a Soviet campaign that sought to strong-arm Islamic systems in Central...
March 1966) was a key figure in the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR in the Hujum era, becoming the deputy chairman of the Central Executive Committee of...
of her life as that of a martyr. Nurkhon Yuldashkhojayeva Tamara Khanum Hujum Honor killing "Theater Pride | Botschaft der Republik Usbekistan". www.uzbekistan...
discourage violence against women and superstitious practices and promoted the hujum by organizing rallies. Stationed in Shohimardon to help with the five-year...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...
that is, the "new man", should be considered largely failed. Agitprop Hujum Cultural Revolution (China) Cultural Revolution // Great Russian Encyclopedia...
Tursunoy Saidazimova Tamara Khanum Honor killing Emancipation of women Hujum Vitkovich, Viktor (1954). A Tour Of Soviet Uzbekistan. Moscow: Foreign Languages...
initially started in 1908 in Baku by liberal bourgeoisie well before the Soviet Hujum in 1927. However, the anti-veil protests were suppressed by Islamic clergy...
Andaruni Awrah Fahisha Gender segregation Haya Purdah Zenana Other Hijabophobia Hujum Kashf-e hijab My Stealthy Freedom Wimple World Hijab Day v t e...