Not to be confused with Hubble bubble (astronomy).
Visualization of the whole observable universe. The inner blue ring indicates the approximate size of the Hubble volume.
In cosmology, a Hubble volume (named for the astronomer Edwin Hubble) or Hubble sphere, Hubble bubble, subluminal sphere, causal sphere and sphere of causality is a spherical region of the observable universe surrounding an observer beyond which objects recede from that observer at a rate greater than the speed of light due to the expansion of the universe.[1] The Hubble volume is approximately equal to 1031 cubic light years (or about 1079 cubic meters).
The proper radius of a Hubble sphere (known as the Hubble radius or the Hubble length) is , where is the speed of light and is the Hubble constant. The surface of a Hubble sphere is called the microphysical horizon,[2] the Hubble surface, or the Hubble limit.
More generally, the term Hubble volume can be applied to any region of space with a volume of order . However, the term is also frequently (but mistakenly) used as a synonym for the observable universe; the latter is larger than the Hubble volume.[3][4]
The center of the Hubble volume and observable universe is arbitrary in relation to the overall universe; instead it is centered around its origin (impersonal or personal "observer").
The Hubble length is 14.4 billion light years in the standard cosmological model, somewhat larger than times the age of the universe, 13.8 billion years.
^Edward Robert Harrison (2003). Masks of the Universe. Cambridge University Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-521-77351-5.
^N. Carlevaro & G. Montani (2009). "Study of the Quasi-isotropic Solution near the Cosmological Singularity in Presence of Bulk-Viscosity". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 17 (6): 881–896. arXiv:0711.1952. Bibcode:2008IJMPD..17..881C. doi:10.1142/S0218271808012553. S2CID 9943577.
^For a discussion of why objects that are outside the Earth's Hubble sphere can be seen from Earth, see TM Davis & CH Linewater (2003). "Expanding Confusion: common misconceptions of cosmological horizons and the superluminal expansion of the universe". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 21 (1): 97–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0310808. Bibcode:2004PASA...21...97D. doi:10.1071/AS03040. S2CID 13068122.
^For an example of mistaken usage, see Max Tegmark (2004). "Parallel Universes". In Barrow, J. D.; Davies, J. D.; Harper, C. L. (eds.). Science and Ultimate Reality: From Quantum to Cosmos. Cambridge University Press. pp. 459ff. ISBN 978-0-521-83113-0.
In cosmology, a Hubblevolume (named for the astronomer Edwin Hubble) or Hubble sphere, Hubble bubble, subluminal sphere, causal sphere and sphere of causality...
The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation...
differ from our Hubblevolume. However, because there are infinitely many, far beyond the cosmological horizon, there will eventually be Hubble volumes with...
defines the observable universe. Hubble radius, Hubble sphere (not to be confused with a Hubble bubble), Hubblevolume, or Hubble horizon is a conceptual horizon...
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic...
large and uniform, identical instances of the history of Earth's entire Hubblevolume occur every so often, simply by chance. Tegmark calculated that our...
possible non-random component of the peculiar velocity of galaxy clusters Hubblevolume – Region of the observable universe Illustris project – Computer-simulated...
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successors – are technically capable of assuming stewardship of our entire Hubblevolume. Another oft-cited reply to the "world-exploder" argument is that getting...
Matter Halos Intergalactic Medium Semi-Analytical Galaxy Formation HubbleVolume Mock Catalogues GIF Project Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their...
extragalactic distance estimates were far more accurate than Hubble's, consistent with an expansion rate (Hubble constant) that was within 1% of the best measurements...
a stellar stream of the Milky Way galaxy, named after Amina Helmi. Hubblevolume, a spherical region of the observable universe surrounding an observer...
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gamma rays, X-rays, visible and ultraviolet light, and infrared light. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) primarily observes visible light and near-ultraviolet...
expansion of a local volume is the same number of times over the same time interval), and is characterized by an unchanging, small Hubble constant, effectively...
of galaxy types based on their appearance is given by the Hubble sequence. Since the Hubble sequence is entirely based upon visual morphological type...
conditions of the Big Bang. Crucially, these models are compatible with the Hubble–Lemaître law—the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster...
hookah (alias hubble-bubble, a kind of smoking device), and the military, as in sepoy (native Indian soldier). Memoirs of William Hickey (Volume II ed.). London:...
(M33). These were followed up by Edwin Hubble with three more in 1926: A, B, and C in M33. Then in 1929 Hubble added a list of variables detected in M31...
August 2012. The site's third incarnation, Galaxy Zoo Hubble drew from surveys conducted by the Hubble Space Telescope to view earlier epochs of galaxy formation...
2014 by astronomer Marc Buie and the New Horizons Search Team using the Hubble Space Telescope as part of a search for a Kuiper-belt object for New Horizons...
recession speeds proportional to their distances from Earth, a fact known as Hubble's law that implies the universe is expanding. All redshifts can be understood...
on March 7, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021. "HUBBLE REVEALS SURFACE OF PLUTO FOR FIRST TIME". HubbleSite.org. Space Telescope Science Institute. March...
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