Hot cognition is a hypothesis on motivated reasoning in which a person's thinking is influenced by their emotional state. Put simply, hot cognition is cognition coloured by emotion.[1] Hot cognition contrasts with cold cognition, which implies cognitive processing of information that is independent of emotional involvement.[2] Hot cognition is proposed to be associated with cognitive and physiological arousal, in which a person is more responsive to environmental factors. As it is automatic, rapid and led by emotion,[3] hot cognition may consequently cause biased decision making.[4] Hot cognition may arise, with varying degrees of strength, in politics, religion, and other sociopolitical contexts because of moral issues, which are inevitably tied to emotion.[1] Hot cognition was initially proposed in 1963 by Robert P. Abelson. The idea became popular in the 1960s and the 1970s.
An example of a biased decision caused by hot cognition would be a juror disregarding evidence because of an attraction to the defendant.[1] Decision making with cold cognition is more likely to involve logic and critical analysis.[5] Therefore, when an individual engages in a task while using cold cognition, the stimulus is likely to be emotionally neutral and the "outcome of the test is not motivationally relevant" to the individual.[6][clarification needed] An example of a critical decision using cold cognition would be concentrating on the evidence before drawing a conclusion.
Hot and cold cognition form a dichotomy within executive functioning. Executive functioning has long been considered as a domain general cognitive function, but there has been support for separation into "hot" affective aspects and "cold" cognitive aspects.[7] It is recognized that executive functioning spans across a number of cognitive tasks, including working memory, cognitive flexibility and reasoning in active goal pursuit. The distinction between hot and cool cognition implies that executive function may operate differently in different contexts.[8] The distinction has been applied to research in cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, social psychology, neuropsychology, and other areas of study in psychology.
^ abcBrand, A. G. (1985–1986), "Hot cognition: Emotions and writing behavior", JAC, 6: 5–15, JSTOR 20865583
^Lodge, Milton; Taber, Charles S. (2005). "The Automaticity of Affect for Political Leaders, Groups, and Issues: An Experimental Test of the Hot Cognition Hypothesis". Political Psychology. 26 (3): 455–482. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00426.x. ISSN 0162-895X.
^Huijbregts, Stephan C. J.; Warren, Alison J.; Sonneville, Leo M. J.; Swaab-Barneveld, Hanna (2007). "Hot and Cool Forms of Inhibitory Control and Externalizing Behavior in Children of Mothers who Smoked during Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 36 (3): 323–333. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9180-x. ISSN 0091-0627. PMC 2268722. PMID 17924184.
^Kunda, Ziva (1990). "The case for motivated reasoning". Psychological Bulletin. 108 (3): 480–498. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480. ISSN 0033-2909. PMID 2270237. S2CID 9703661.
^Cite error: The named reference Roiser was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Zelazo, Philip David; Mller, Ulrich (2002). "Executive Function in Typical and Atypical Development". Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. pp. 445–469. doi:10.1002/9780470996652.ch20. ISBN 9780470996652.
^Hongwanishkul, Donaya; Happaney, Keith R.; Lee, Wendy S. C.; Zelazo, Philip David (2005). "Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Function in Young Children: Age-Related Changes and Individual Differences". Developmental Neuropsychology. 28 (2): 617–644. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2802_4. ISSN 8756-5641. PMID 16144430. S2CID 30614220.
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