Horses in ancient and Imperial China were an important element of China on cultural, military, and agricultural levels.[1] Horses were introduced from the West, disturbing warfare, and forcing local warring states to adopt new military practices such as chariots and cavalry. The strategic role of horses in large amounts for military defense against steppes invasions is well documented. The furthest Chinese conquests to the north and west were achieved under the Han, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties thanks to extensive military-managed horse farms, involving hundreds of thousands of horses. Horses were highly valued and prevalent until the late Qing dynasty. As elsewhere, increased industrialization, increased mechanical labor, and China's century of humiliation led to the virtual disappearance of China's equine tradition.
^Creel, H. G. (1965). "The Role of the Horse in Chinese History". The American Historical Review. 70 (3): 647–672. doi:10.2307/1845936. ISSN 0002-8762.
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