Horizontal inequality is the inequality—economical, social or other—that does not follow from a difference in an inherent quality such as intelligence, attractiveness or skills for people or profitability for corporations. In sociology, this is particularly applicable to forced inequality between different subcultures living in the same society, i.e inequalities between culturally formed groups, not economically formed ones.[1]
In economics, horizontal inequality is seen when people of similar origin, intelligence, etc. still do not have equal success and have different status, income and wealth.
Traditional economic theory predicts that horizontal inequality should not exist in a free market. However, horizontal inequality is observed in real and simulated 'free market' systems. The Pareto optimal economy is one traditional approach to the problem. Even in simulated systems, inequality of perfectly identical actors arises, to give "the rich and poor".[2]
^Daniel T. Slesnick. The Measurement of Horizontal Inequality. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(3), 1989.
^Eric Beinhocker. The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics. Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
and 24 Related for: Horizontal inequality information
Horizontalinequality is the inequality—economical, social or other—that does not follow from a difference in an inherent quality such as intelligence...
divide Educational inequality Gini coefficient Global justice Health equity Horizontalinequality List of countries by income inequality List of countries...
is caused by ethnicity, age, religion or gender, it will be a 'horizontalinequality' and the cause of war will be due to the 'grievances'. The "greed...
new tax breaks. This problem incorporates Horizontalinequality and Vertical inequality. Horizontalinequalities occur between groups with different identities...
Gender inequality is the social phenomenon in which people are not treated equally on the basis of gender. This inequality can be caused by gender discrimination...
3–22 Resource guide for municipalities UNODC Mancini, L. (2005) HorizontalInequality and Communal Violence: Evidence from Indonesian Districts (CRISE...
various members or groups in a society. It shows one aspect of economic inequality or economic heterogeneity. The distribution of wealth differs from the...
State. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780367276485. Brown, Graham K. "HorizontalInequalities, Ethnic Separatism and Violent Conflict: The Case of Aceh, Indonesia"...
Income inequality has fluctuated considerably in the United States since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and...
as a nation with medium development. When adjusted for income inequality, its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443. Honduran society is...
Retrieved 24 September 2019. Stewart, Frances (22 January 2016). HorizontalInequalities and Conflict: Understanding Group Violence in Multiethnic Societies...
Gender inequality in Mexico refers to disparate freedoms in health, education, and economic and political abilities between men and women in Mexico. It...
Losers in Two Centuries of Globalization 2001 Frances Stewart - HorizontalInequality: A Neglected Dimension of Development 2000 Jagdish N. Bhagwati -...
LARS-ERIK; WEIDMANN, NILS B.; GLEDITSCH, KRISTIAN SKREDE (2011-07-11). "HorizontalInequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison". American...
the state in Ghana and Nigeria: perceptions from the street." in HorizontalInequalities and Conflict (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2008) pp. 205-226. online...
providing services. Many federations use fiscal equalisation to reduce the inequalities in the fiscal capacities of sub-national governments arising from the...
elaborated in a number of recent articles by political scientists on horizontalinequality, as well as Hechter's co-authored 2016 article on "Ethnicity, Class...
unstrict inequality signs (less-than or equals to sign and greater-than or equals to sign) 1670 (with the horizontal bar over the inequality sign, rather...
Gender inequality in the United States has been diminishing throughout its history and significant advancements towards equality have been made beginning...
of wealth. It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of the wealth distribution. The curve is a graph showing the proportion...
the distance from any point to itself is zero. It obeys the triangle inequality: for every three points p {\displaystyle p} , q {\displaystyle q} , and...
2007, p. 130. Ọgbalụ 1982, p. 128. Onwuzuruigbo, Ifeanyi (2011). "HorizontalInequalities and Communal Conflicts: The Case of Aguleri and Umuleri Communities...
political economy of horizontalinequalities and the end of the New Economic Policy in Malaysia" (PDF). Oxford: Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security...
Global Information