Temporal range: Givetian to Frasnian, 387.7–372.2 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
H. westolli
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
†Placodermi
Order:
†Arthrodira
Suborder:
†Brachythoraci
Family:
†Holonematidae
Genus:
†Holonema Newberry, 1889
Type species
Pterichthys rugosum
Claypole, 1883
Species
H. rugosum (Claypole, 1883)
H. arcticum Marik-Kurik, 1975
H. bruehni Markus, 1998
H. harmae Mark, 1953
H. farrowi Stevens, 1964
H. obrutshevi Mark, 1953
H. ornatum Traquair, 1903
H. haiti Denison, 1968
H. radiatum Obruchev, 1932
H. westolli Miles, 1971
Synonyms
Pterichthys rugosus Claypole, 1883
?Glyptaspis eastmanni Swartz, 1913
Holonema horridum Cope, 1892
Holonema rohoni nomen nudum Obruchev 1931
Holonema is an extinct genus of relatively large, barrel-shaped arthrodire placoderms that were found in oceans throughout the world from the Mid to Late Devonian, when the last species perished in the Frasnian-Fammian extinction event. Most species of the genus are known from fragments of their armor, but the Gogo Reef species, H. westolli, is known from whole, articulated specimens.
Holonema is an extinct genus of relatively large, barrel-shaped arthrodire placoderms that were found in oceans throughout the world from the Mid to Late...
to pebbles found inside articulated specimens of the Frasnian species, Holonema westolli, holonematids are thought to have been specialized herbivores...
placoderms were herbivorous, such as the Middle to Late Devonian arthrodire Holonema, and some were planktivores, such as the gigantic arthrodire Titanichthys...
Eastmanosteus E. calliaspis Fallacosteus F. turneri Harrytoombsia H. elegans Holonema H. westolli Incisoscutum I. ritchei I. sarahae Kendrickichthys K. cavernosus...
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