Mid-20th century banning of suspected Communists from US entertainment
This article is about political blacklists in the 1940s and 1950s. For the 1950 short documentary film about this, see The Hollywood Ten. For the survey of unproduced screenplays, see Black List (survey).
Members of the Hollywood Ten and their families in 1950, protesting the impending incarceration of the ten
The Hollywood blacklist was an entertainment industry blacklist put in effect in the mid-20th century in the United States during the early years of the Cold War, in Hollywood and elsewhere. Actors, screenwriters, directors, musicians, and other American entertainment professionals were barred from work by the studios.
Professionals were blacklisted based on their membership in, alleged membership in, or sympathy with the Communist Party USA, or on the basis of their refusal to assist Congressional investigations into the party's activities. Even during the period of its strictest enforcement, from the late 1940s through to the late 1950s, the blacklist was rarely made explicit or easily verifiable, as it was the result of numerous individual decisions by the studios and was not the result of official legal action. Nevertheless, the blacklist quickly and directly damaged or ended the careers and income of scores of individuals working in the film industry.
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