Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act information
Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act 北海道旧土人保護法公布
National Diet of Japan
Territorial extent
Empire of Japan
Passed by
National Diet of Japan
Passed
1899
Repealed
1997
Summary
A bill that designated the native Ainu people of Hokkaido a "former" indigenous people who would be subject to assimilation
Status: Repealed
The Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act (Japanese: 北海道旧土人保護法公布) was a Japanese law enacted by the Imperial Diet in 1899 during the reign of Emperor Meiji.[1] The law concerned the status of the indigenous Ainu people of Hokkaido, a population the Imperial government sought to forcibly assimilate.[2] The law was repealed in 1997 and replaced by the Ainu Cultural Promotion Act [ja] (CPA).[3][4]
Created under the pretense of protecting the Ainu people, organizations such as the Ainu Association of Hokkaido argue that the law served to confiscate Ainu land and destroy their traditional culture.[5] According to a paper published in the Georgetown Journal of Asian Affairs, "The aim of [the law] was to 'civilize' and 'Japanize' the Ainu from 'barbarians' to 'primitive Japanese'.”[6]
^Komai, Eléonore (July 7, 2021). "The Ainu and Indigenous politics in Japan: negotiating agency, institutional stability, and change". Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics. 7 (1). Cambridge University Press. This status de facto materialized into the Hokkaido Former Natives Protection Act (FNPA) of 1899, which aimed at "protecting the dying race" (Siddle 2002), mandating the replacement of hunting and gathering practices with agriculture (Howell, 1994; Lewallen 2016).
^Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (December 1999). "The Ainu: Beyond the Politics of Cultural Coexistence". Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
^Roche, Hailey (March 3, 2020). "Matika Wilbur – Ainu Sovereignty – Indigenous Leaders & Activists". University of Washington. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
^"Law for the Promotion of the Ainu Culture and for the Dissemination and Advocacy for the Traditions of the Ainu and the Ainu Culture (Law No. 52, May 14, 1997 Amendment: Law No. 160, Dec. 22, 1999)". University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2022-06-29. The following acts will be abolished: 1. The Hokkaido Ex-Aborigines Protection Act (#27/1899) 2. The Asahikawa Ex-Aborigines Protection Land Disposition Act (#9/1934)
^"Law, the Ainu, and changing perceptions". Hokkaido University. 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
^Siripala, Thisanka (2020). "Far-Right Politics and Indigenous Ainu Activism in Japan" (PDF). Georgetown Journal of Asian Affairs. 6: 2.
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