History of unfree labor in the United States information
Part of a series on
Slavery
Contemporary
Child labour
Child soldiers
Conscription
Debt
Forced marriage
Bride buying
Child marriage
Wife selling
Forced prostitution
Human trafficking
Peonage
Penal labour
Contemporary Africa
21st-century jihadism
Sexual slavery
Wage slavery
Historical
Antiquity
Egypt
Babylonia
Greece
Rome
Medieval Europe
Ancillae
Black Sea slave trade
Byzantine Empire
Kholop
Prague slave trade
Serfs
History
In Russia
Emancipation
Thrall
Venetian slave trade
Balkan slave trade
Muslim world
Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
Slavery in Al-Andalus
Baqt
Contract of manumission
Bukhara slave trade
Crimean slave trade
Khivan slave trade
Ottoman Empire
Avret Esir Pazarları
Barbary Coast
slave trade
pirates
Sack of Baltimore
Slave raid of Suðuroy
Turkish Abductions
Concubinage
history
Ma malakat aymanukum
Avret Esir Pazarları
Harem
Abbasid harem
Ottoman Imperial Harem
Safavid harem
Qajar harem
Jarya/Cariye
Odalisque
Qiyan
Umm walad
Circassian slave trade
Saqaliba
Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
21st century
Atlantic slave trade
Bristol
Brazil
Database
Dutch
Middle Passage
Nantes
New France
Panyarring
Spanish Empire
Slave Coast
Thirteen colonies
Topics and practice
Conscription
Ghilman
Mamluk
Devshirme
Blackbirding
Coolie
Corvée labor
Field slaves in the United States
Treatment
House slaves
Saqaliba
Slave market
Slave raiding
Child soldiers
White slavery
Naval
Galley slave
Impressment
Pirates
Shanghaiing
Slave ship
By country or region
Sub-Saharan Africa
Contemporary Africa
Trans-Saharan slave trade
Red Sea slave trade
Indian Ocean slave trade
Zanzibar slave trade
Angola
Chad
Comoros
Ethiopia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Seychelles
Somalia
Somali slave trade
South Africa
Sudan
Zanzibar
North and South America
Pre-Columbian America
Aztec
Americas indigenous
U.S. Natives
United States
Field slaves
female
Contemporary
maps
partus
prison labor
Slave codes
Treatment
interregional
Human trafficking
The Bahamas
Canada
Caribbean
Barbados
British Virgin Islands
Trinidad
Code Noir
Latin America
Brazil
Lei Áurea
Colombia
Cuba
Haiti
revolt
Restavek
(Encomienda)
Puerto Rico
East, Southeast, and South Asia
Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
Bhutan
China
Booi Aha
Laogai
penal system
India
Debt bondage
Chukri System
Japan
comfort women
Korea
Kwalliso
Maldives
Slavery in the Mongol Empire
Thailand
Yankee princess
Vietnam
Australia and Oceania
Australia
Human trafficking
Blackbirding
Slave raiding in Easter Island
Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
Blackbirding in Polynesia
Europe and North Asia
Sex trafficking in Europe
Britain
Denmark
Dutch Republic
Germany in World War II
Malta
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Spain
Sweden
North Africa and West Asia
Afghanistan
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Human trafficking in the Middle East
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Qatar
Yemen
United Arab Emirates
Religion
Bible
Christianity
Catholicism
Mormonism
Islam
Judaism
Baháʼí Faith
Opposition and resistance
1926 Slavery Convention
Abolitionism
U.K.
U.S.
Abolitionists
Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
Anti-Slavery International
Blockade of Africa
U.K.
U.S.
Colonization
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Compensated emancipation
Freedman
manumission
Freedom suit
Slave Power
Underground Railroad
songs
Slave rebellion
Slave Trade Acts
International law
Third Servile War
13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf [fa]
Related
Common law
Indentured servitude
Unfree labour
Fugitive slaves
laws
Great Dismal Swamp maroons
List of slaves
owners
last survivors of American slavery
Marriage of enslaved people (United States)
Slave narrative
films
songs
Slave name
Slave catcher
Slave patrol
Slave Route Project
breeding
court cases
Washington
Jefferson
J.Q. Adams
Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
40 acres
Freedmen's Bureau
Iron bit
Emancipation Day
v
t
e
This article is part of a series on the
History of the United States
Timeline and periods
Prehistoric and Pre-Columbian Era
until 1607
Colonial Era
1607–1765
1776–1789
American Revolution
1765–1783
Confederation Period
1783–1788
1789–1815
Federalist Era
1788–1801
Jeffersonian Era
1801–1817
1815–1849
Era of Good Feelings
1817–1825
Jacksonian Era
1825–1849
1849–1865
Civil War Era
1849–1865
1865–1917
Reconstruction Era
1865–1877
Gilded Age
1877–1896
Progressive Era
1896–1917
1917–1945
World War I
1917–1918
Roaring Twenties
1918–1929
Great Depression
1929–1941
World War II
1941–1945
1945–1964
Post-World War II Era
1945–1964
Civil Rights Era
1954–1968
1964–1980
Civil Rights Era
1954–1968
Vietnam War
1964–1975
1980–1991
Reagan Era
1981–1991
1991–2008
Post-Cold War Era
1991–2008
2008–present
Modern Era
2008–present
Topics
American Century
Antisemitism
Civil unrest
Cultural
Cinema
Music
Newspapers
Sports
Demography
Immigration
Economy
Banking
Education
Higher education
Flag
Government
Abortion
Capital punishment
Civil rights
Corruption
The Constitution
Debt ceiling
Direct democracy
Foreign policy
Law enforcement
Postal service
Taxation
Voting rights
Journalism
Merchant Marine
Military
Army
Marine Corps
Navy
Air Force
Space Force
Coast Guard
Party Systems
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Religion
Social class
Slavery
Sexual slavery
Technology and industry
Agriculture
Labor
Lumber
Medicine
Railway
Groups
African American
Asian American
Chinese American
Filipino American
Indian American
Japanese American
Korean American
Thai American
Vietnamese American
European American
Albanian American
English American
Estonian American
Finnish American
German American
Irish American
Italian American
Lithuanian American
Polish American
Serbian American
Hispanic and Latino American
Mexican American
Jewish American
Middle Eastern American
Egyptian American
Iranian American
Iraqi American
Lebanese American
Palestinian American
Saudi American
Native Americans
Cherokee
Comanche
Women
LGBT
Gay men
Lesbians
Transgender people
Places
Territorial evolution
Admission to the Union
Historic regions
American frontier
Manifest destiny
Indian removal
Regions
New England
The South
The West Coast
States
AL
AL
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
Territories
DC
AS
GU
MP
PR
VI
Cities
Urban history
Cities
Outline
List of years
Historiography
Category
Portal
v
t
e
The history of forced labor in the United States encompasses to all forms of unfree labor which have occurred within the present day borders of the United States through the modern era. "Unfree labor" is a generic or collective term for those work relations, in which people are employed against their will by the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), lawful compulsion, or other extreme hardship to themselves or to members of their families.
The arrival of the Europeans ushered in the Atlantic slave trade, where Africans were sold into chattel slavery into the Americas. It lasted from the 15th through 19th centuries and was the largest legal form of unfree labor in the history of the United States, reaching 4 million slaves at its height.[citation needed] Slavery and involuntary servitude were made illegal through the thirteenth amendment, except as punishment for a crime.[1] However, unfree labor still existed legally in the form of the peonage system, especially in the New Mexico Territory, debt bondage, penal labor and convict leasing, and debt bondage such as the truck system, as well as many illegal forms of unfree labor, particularly sexual slavery.
Labor reforms in the 19th and 20th eventually outlawed many of these forms of labors. However, illegal unfree labor in the form of human trafficking continued to grow, and the economy continued to rely on unfree labor from abroad. Starting at the end of the 20th century, there became an increased public awareness of human trafficking. More anti-human trafficking groups began to form and anti-human trafficking laws began to be passed, though the extent of the laws and the implementation varies widely from state to state. The U.S. Justice Department estimates that 17,500 people are trafficked into the country every year, but the true figure could be higher, because of the large numbers of undocumented immigrants. Those being trafficked include young children, teenagers, men and women and can be domestic citizens or foreign nationals. According to the Department of State's statistics from 2000, there are approximately 244,000 American children and youth that are at risk for sex trafficking each year. Of these children and youth, 38,600 were originally runaways.
^Charters of Freedom – The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, The Bill of Rights
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
— Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.amendmentxiii.html
and 26 Related for: History of unfree labor in the United States information
IntheUnitedStates, penal labor is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Annually, incarcerated workers provide at least $9 billion in services to the prison...
unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of...
TheUnitedStates Virgin Islands, often abbreviated USVI, are a group of islands and cays located inthe Lesser Antilles ofthe Eastern Caribbean, consisting...
an essential bulwark of civilization, and a divine institution similar or superior to the free laborinthe Northern UnitedStates. Some slavery advocates...
in the United States, had officially outlawed slavery within their territories. Unfree Native American labor can predominantly be seen in certain counties...
American slavery. First, the statutes defined slavery as a lifetime condition, distinguishing it from servitude and other forms ofunfree status, which lasted...
officially theUnited Mexican States, is a country inthe southern portion of North America. It covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), making it the world's...
IntheUnitedStates, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery inthe country, was active from the colonial era until the American Civil War...
Soviet POWs, for unfree labour in factories. Returning them home was a high priority for the Allies. However returning citizens ofthe USSR were often...
The Reconstruction era was a period inUnitedStateshistory following the American Civil War, dominated by the legal, social, and political challenges...
in national and international labor and employment law. In general, these rights influence working conditions inthe relations of employment. One of the...
The financing of electoral campaigns intheUnitedStates happens at the federal, state, and local levels by contributions from individuals, corporations...