For the specific history of legal chattel slavery in California, see History of slavery in California.
1850 depiction of an indigenous woman panning for gold in the California Gold Rush.
Forced labor of Native Americans in California spanned from the Spanish missions of the 18th century to the Gold Rush era of the mid-19th century. Native Californians were subject to systematic exploitation, forced labor, and cultural disruption.
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Forcedlabor of Native Americans inCalifornia spanned from the Spanish missions of the 18th century to the Gold Rush era of the mid-19th century. Native...
eliminating ForcedLabor Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine — Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor Slavery in the 21st...
trafficking inCalifornia is the illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, and forcedlabor as it...
trial cannot be forced to participate inlabor programs in prison as this would violate the Thirteenth Amendment. Critics of the prison labor system argue...
million people are in some form of slavery today. Some 24.9 million people are inforcedlabor, of whom 16 million people are exploited in the private sector...
(劳动改造), which means reform through labor, is a criminal justice system involving the use of penal labor and prison farms in the People's Republic of China...
contre l'humanité" [Colonial forcedlaborin the French empire must be recognized as a crime against humanity]. Le Monde.fr (in French). 10 April 2019. "How...
California State Legislature and signed into law by the 1st Governor of California, Peter Hardeman Burnett. The legislation led to the forcedlabor of...
sneakers. In 2021, French prosecutors launched an investigation into whether Skechers and other brands had concealed or profited from forced Uyghur labor. A...
Rush, were targeted in killings. Between 10,000 and 27,000 were also taken as forcedlabor by settlers. The state of California used its institutions...
system of forcedlabor camps in the Soviet Union. The word Gulag originally referred only to the division of the Soviet secret police that was in charge...
location missing publisher (link) "2. Labor". Women in China's Long Twentieth Century. University of California Press. 31 December 2019. pp. 51–78. doi:10...
The history of forcedlaborin the United States encompasses to all forms of unfree labor which have occurred within the present day borders of the United...
Alta California, especially Americans coming West. Soon the area was dotted with ranches, many of whom forced at least some Indians into slave laborin order...
source of labor for the economic interests of settlers. Prison laborinCalifornia has also been compared to California's history of forcedlabor of indigenous...
arrested in northern California on June 21, 2023. Both were indicted on a forcedlabor conspiracy charge. As of February 2024[update], a federal judge in Brooklyn...
described as a cult. In 2018 she was arrested by federal authorities on charges of sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy and forcedlabor conspiracy related...
exception of California, until the 1927 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Buck v. Bell, which upheld under the U.S. Constitution the forced sterilization...
labor rights dispute in the southern California coastal city of Oxnard between local landowners and the majority Japanese and Mexican labor force. In...
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act (CALRA) is a landmark statute in United States labor law that was enacted by the state of Californiain 1975...
the Weedpatch Camp or Sunset Labor Camp, was built by the Farm Security Administration south of Bakersfield, California, in 1936 to house migrant workers...
Forced conversion is the adoption of a religion or irreligion under duress. Someone who has been forced to convert to a different religion or irreligion...
Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB) is an agency of the California state government that administers the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act...
in state-sponsored camps, government policies have included forcedlabor, suppression of Uyghur religious practices, political indoctrination, forced...
forced into a difficult and unusual situation. Their traditional homeland was not completely taken over by settlers as in other parts of California....
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