The mathematical concept of a function dates from the 17th century in connection with the development of the calculus; for example, the slope of a graph at a point was regarded as a function of the x-coordinate of the point. Functions were not explicitly considered in antiquity, but some precursors of the concept can perhaps be seen in the work of medieval philosophers and mathematicians such as Oresme.
Mathematicians of the 18th century typically regarded a function as being defined by an analytic expression. In the 19th century, the demands of the rigorous development of analysis by Weierstrass and others, the reformulation of geometry in terms of analysis, and the invention of set theory by Cantor, eventually led to the much more general modern concept of a function as a single-valued mapping from one set to another.
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mathematics, an injective function (also known as injection, or one-to-one function ) is a function f that maps distinct elements of its domain to distinct...
mathematics, the inverse functionof a function f (also called the inverse of f) is a function that undoes the operation of f. The inverse of f exists if...
g(f(x)). In this operation, thefunction g is applied to the result of applying thefunction f to x. That is, thefunctions f : X → Y and g : Y → Z are...
element ofthe second set; it is thus a univalent relation. This generalizes theconceptof a (total) function by not requiring every element ofthe first...
surjective function (also known as surjection, or onto function /ˈɒn.tuː/) is a function f such that, for every element y ofthefunction's codomain, there...
In mathematics, the graph of a function f {\displaystyle f} is the set of ordered pairs ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} , where f ( x ) = y . {\displaystyle...
bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence between two mathematical sets is a function such that each element ofthe second set (the codomain) is...
In mathematics, a function space is a set offunctions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which...
mathematics, a constant function is a function whose (output) value is the same for every input value. As a real-valued functionof a real-valued argument...
variables. This concept extends the idea of a functionof a real variable to several variables. The "input" variables take real values, while the "output",...
natural sciences, a functionof a real variable is a function whose domain is the real numbers R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } , or a subset of R {\displaystyle...
integrate concepts into a wider theory ofthe mind, what functions are allowed or disallowed by a concept's ontology, etc. There are two main views ofthe ontology...
In mathematics, the limit of a function is a fundamental concept in calculus and analysis concerning the behavior of that function near a particular input...
The ways in which societies have perceived theconceptof creativity have changed throughout history, as has the term itself. The ancient Greek concept...
functions. The epsilon–delta definition of a limit was introduced to formalize the definition of continuity. Continuity is one ofthe core concepts of...
concerned with analytic functionsof a complex variable, that is, holomorphic functions. Theconcept can be extended to functionsof several complex variables...
mechanics, wave function collapse, also called reduction ofthe state vector, occurs when a wave function—initially in a superposition of several eigenstates—reduces...
the technique of translating a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of families offunctions, each taking a single argument. In the...
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support...
mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: the codomain ofthefunction, or the image ofthefunction. In some...
In mathematics, the domain of a function is the set of inputs accepted by thefunction. It is sometimes denoted by dom ( f ) {\displaystyle \operatorname...