History of the flags of Romania information

The colors of the national flag of Romania (Romanian: Drapelul României) has a long history, though the association of the three colors only dates to the 18th century. Red, yellow and blue were found on late 16th-century royal grants of Michael the Brave, as well as shields and banners.^[1] Thus, the late 13th century Wijnbergen armorial shows the coat of arms of the Wallachian ruler Litovoi as consisting of a shield of ten vertically alternating gold-and-red bands,.^[2]^[3]^[4] The same two colors, gules and or, also appeared on the late 15th century flag and coat of arms of Moldavia, during the reign of Stephen the Great.^[5] Then, from the late 16th century until the mid-17th century, the historical coat of arms of Transylvania gradually developed as a shield party per fess, consisting of a black eagle on blue background in the upper field, a dividing red band in the middle, and seven red towers on golden background in the lower field.^[6]^[7] Finally, in the last quarter of the 18th century, Bukovina gets its own coat of arms from the Habsburg Empire, a blue-and-red shield party per pale with a black aurochs' head in the middle, and three golden six-pointed stars surrounding it.^[3] During the Wallachian uprising of 1821, these three colors were present, along others, on the canvas of the revolutionaries' flag and its fringes; for the first time a meaning was attributed to them: "Liberty (blue-sky), Justice (yellow field), Fraternity ( blood)".^[8]

^ Pălănceanu, p. 138
^ Dogaru, Maria, "Stema voievodului Litovoi", in Magazin istoric, XIX, 10, pp. 6–7.
^ ^a ^b Dogaru, Maria, "Din heraldica României", Ed. Jif, Brașov, 1994.
^ Mănescu, Jean N., "Cu privire la originea stemei Țării Românești", in "Cercetări numismatice", V, 1983, pp. 185–189.
^ [1]
^ Cernovodeanu, Dan, "Știința și arta heraldică în România", Bucharest, 1977, p. 130.
^ von Straussenburg, Albert Arz; Hienz, Hermann Adolf; Herter, Balduin: "Beiträge zur siebenbürgischen Wappenkunde", p. 184.
^ Iscru, Gheorghe D., "Steagul Revoluției din 1821", in Revista Arhivelor nr. 2/1981, p. 211

[p138-1] Pălănceanu, p. 138

[2] Dogaru, Maria, "Stema voievodului Litovoi", in Magazin istoric, XIX, 10, pp. 6–7.

[Dogaru,_Maria_1994-3] Dogaru, Maria, "Din heraldica României", Ed. Jif, Brașov, 1994.

[4] Mănescu, Jean N., "Cu privire la originea stemei Țării Românești", in "Cercetări numismatice", V, 1983, pp. 185–189.

[5] [1]

[6] Cernovodeanu, Dan, "Știința și arta heraldică în România", Bucharest, 1977, p. 130.

[7] von Straussenburg, Albert Arz; Hienz, Hermann Adolf; Herter, Balduin: "Beiträge zur siebenbürgischen Wappenkunde", p. 184.

[8] Iscru, Gheorghe D., "Steagul Revoluției din 1821", in Revista Arhivelor nr. 2/1981, p. 211

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