History of the Backward Caste movement in Bihar information
Political and cultural advancement of Backward Castes
The Backward Caste movement in Bihar can be traced back to the formation of Triveni Sangh, a caste coalition and political party, in the 1930s, which was revived after the introduction of land reforms in the 1950s aimed at removing intermediaries from agrarian society. But, this drive could not succeed in bringing long-lasting changes in the condition of lower strata of society, as they lacked political representation and economic power. The period since land reform included caste conflicts and the class struggle which eventually led to a transfer of absolute political power in the hands of Backward Castes, who had been kept away from it earlier. The class struggle succeeded the struggle of some of the Upper Backward Castes against the sacerdotal authorities for improvement in their ritual status.[1][2] By the 1990s, the conflict between upper-castes and the lower-castes continued, with nearly 17 massacres taking place during this time period. But with the advent of politics of social justice and the Janata Dal in the 1990s, the lower caste became more active politically.[3]
^Ranabir Samaddar (2018). "15. Reports Rural poor and Armed labourers of Bihar 1960s-1970s". From Popular Movements to Rebellion: The Naxalite Decade. Routledge. ISBN 978-0429648977. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
^Christophe Jaffrelot (2003). India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 8178240807. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
^Sanjay Kumar (2018). Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns. SAGE Publishing India. p. 59. ISBN 978-9352805860. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
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