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Part of a series on the
History of the African Union
History of Africa
Economic history
Decolonisation of Africa
Union of African States
Organisation of African Unity
African Economic Community
Sirte Declaration
Constitutive Act of the African Union
Union Launch
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The African Union is a geo-political entity covering the entirety of the African continent.
Its origin dates back to the First Congress of Independent African States, held in Accra, Ghana, from 15 to 22 April 1958. The conference aimed at forming the Africa Day (that preceded the formation of the OAU) to mark the liberation movement of the African people each year, such as to free themselves from foreign dictatorship and to unite Africa. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU), was subsequently established on 25 May 1963 followed by the African Economic Community in 1981.[1]
Critics argued that the OAU in particular did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it the "Dictators' Club".[2]
The idea of creating the AU was revived in the mid-1990s under the leadership of Libyan head of state Muammar al-Gaddafi: the heads of state and government of the OAU issued the Sirte Declaration (named after Sirte, in Libya) on September 9, 1999 calling for the establishment of an African Union. The Declaration was followed by summits at Lomé in 2000, when the Constitutive Act of the African Union was adopted, and at Lusaka in 2001, when the plan for the implementation of the African Union was adopted. During the same period, the initiative for the establishment of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), was also established.
^[1] SAHO May 15th 2018.
^African Union replaces dictators' club, BBC, 8 July 2002.
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