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Machine translation is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.
In the 1950s, machine translation became a reality in research, although references to the subject can be found as early as the 17th century. The Georgetown experiment, which involved successful fully automatic translation of more than sixty Russian sentences into English in 1954, was one of the earliest recorded projects.[1][2] Researchers of the Georgetown experiment asserted their belief that machine translation would be a solved problem within a few years.[3] In the Soviet Union, similar experiments were performed shortly after.[4]
Consequently, the success of the experiment ushered in an era of significant funding for machine translation research in the United States. The achieved progress was much slower than expected; in 1966, the ALPAC report found that ten years of research had not fulfilled the expectations of the Georgetown experiment and resulted in dramatically reduced funding[citation needed].
Interest grew in statistical models for machine translation, which became more common and also less expensive in the 1980s as available computational power increased.
Although there exists no autonomous system of "fully automatic high quality translation of unrestricted text,"[5][6][7] there are many programs now available that are capable of providing useful output within strict constraints. Several of these programs are available online, such as Google Translate and the SYSTRAN system that powers AltaVista's BabelFish (which was replaced by Microsoft Bing translator in May 2012).
^Nye, Mary Jo (2016). "Speaking in Tongues: Science's centuries-long hunt for a common language". Distillations. 2 (1): 40–43. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^Gordin, Michael D. (2015). Scientific Babel: How Science Was Done Before and After Global English. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-00029-9.[page needed]
^Plumb, Robert K. (8 January 1954). "Russian Is Turned Into English By a Fast Electronic Translator". New York Times.
^Madsen, Mathias Winther (23 December 2009). The Limits of Machine Translation (Thesis). University of Copenhagen. p. 11.
^Melby, Alan K. (1995). The Possibility of Language. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins. pp. 27–41. ISBN 978-90-272-1614-4.
^Wooten, Adam (14 February 2006). "A Simple Model Outlining Translation Technology". T&I Business. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.
^"Appendix III of 'The present status of automatic translation of languages'" (PDF). Advances in Computers. 1960. pp. 158–163. Reprinted in Y.Bar-Hillel (1964). Language and information. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. pp. 174–179.
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